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Updated: May 7, 2025
Philip's scheme of aggrandizement Projected invasion of France Internal condition of France Character of Henry of Navarre Preparation for action Battle of Ivry Victory of the French king over the League Reluctance of the King to attack the French capital Siege of Paris The pope indisposed towards the League Extraordinary demonstration of ecclesiastics Influence of the priests Extremities of the siege Attempted negotiation State of Philip's army Difficult position of Farnese March of the allies to the relief of Paris Lagny taken and the city relieved Desertion of the king's army Siege of Corbeil Death of Pope Sixtus V. Re-capture of Lagny and Corbeil Return of Parma to the Netherlands Result of the expedition.
Meantime Gregory XIII., who had always refused to sanction the League, was dead, and Cardinal Peretti, under the name of Sixtus V., now reigned in his place. Born of an illustrious house, as he said for it was a house without a roof this monk of humble origin was of inordinate ambition.
Now at length, he adds, she will be able to visit Milan and see her beloved mother once more in peace and safety. And her husband's uncle, Pope Sixtus IV., himself wrote to congratulate both duke and duchess on the arrest of Simonetta and the restoration of peace and tranquillity.
'Then, says the chronicler, 'was found a priest, who, being used to churches, had no scruple. The poignard this priest carried was this crucifix of Crema. After Sixtus came the blood-stained Borgia; and after him Julius II., whom the Romans in triumphal songs proclaimed a second Mars, and who turned, as Michelangelo expressed it, the chalices of Rome into swords and helms.
Peter's, jealous of the superiority of the Florentine sculptor, fearing lest he should discover the mistakes committed in his recent constructions, and the malversations of which perhaps he was not innocent, advised the Pope to confide to him the painting of the ceiling of the chapel built by Sixtus IV, hoping to compromise and ruin him by engaging him in works of which he had no experience.
After this, Antonio da San Gallo having finished the building of the Great Hall of Kings in front of the Chapel of Sixtus IV in the Papal Palace, Perino divided the ceiling into a large pattern of octagonal compartments, crosses, and ovals, both sunk and in relief; which done, Perino was also commissioned to adorn it with stucco-work, with the richest and most beautiful ornaments that could be produced by all the resources of that art.
In the mouth of Sixtus V., when anathematizing Elizabeth, malediction turned to madrigal. "Un gran cervello di principessa," he says.
How easily Alexander VI might have again taken up the plans of the house of Borgia where they had been interrupted by the death of his uncle Calixtus, and have followed in the footsteps of Sixtus IV! Moreover, it was only ten years since the last named pope had, in conjunction with Venice, waged war on Ferrara.
The cardinals, having thus contrived to restore some semblance of order, proceeded to the creation of a new Pontiff, and a Genoese, Giovanni Battista Cibo, Cardinal of Malfetta, was elected and took the name of Innocent VIII. Again, as in the case of Sixtus, there is no lack of those who charge this Pontiff with having obtained his election by simony.
The only power which gave its adhesion to Sixtus was Naples, while Venice, Ferrara, and Milan declared for Florence. Thus commenced that tedious war which not only ruined so many Florentine merchants, but retarded the cause of learning so materially.
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