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Thus "Kisil-Usun" means "Red River." Having regard to the passages 2 Kings xix. 12 and Isaiah xxxvii. 12, Nöldeke maintains that there was a tract of land watered by the river Gozan, known as Gozanitis, which Scripture refers to. See J. Q.R., vol. I, p. 186. Naisabur is a city near Meshed, and close to high mountains which are a continuation of the Elburz mountain range.
+700+. It seems, then, that for most if not all of the names of the Semitic deities just mentioned abstract senses, though possible, are not certain. Nöldeke remarks that most of these terms are poetical they may be ornate epithets given to old concrete divine figures, in which case the real cults were attached to these latter and not to abstractions.
About twenty years later the biography of Mohammed made an enormous advance through the works of Muir, Sprenger, and Noldeke. On the ground of much wider and at the same time deeper study of the sources than had been possible for Weil and Caussin de Perceval, each of these three scholars gave in his own way an account of the origin of Islam.
Noldeke is strongly of opinion that the principal lines of the program of conquest carried out after Mohammed's death, had been drawn by the Prophet himself. Lammens and others deny with equal vigour, that Mohammed ever looked upon the whole world as the field of his mission. This shows that the solution is not evident.
Noldeke was much sharper and more cautious in his historical criticism than Muir or Sprenger. While the biographies written by these two men have now only historical value, Noldeke's History of the Qoran is still an indispensable instrument of study more than half a century after its first appearance.
That accordance has now been discovered to be world-wide. Medieval Christianity preferred the direct agency of the Devil. Primitive Christianity leaned to the opinion that the Grecian and Roman myth makers had stolen from the sacred writings of the Jews. Hamilton, Lectures on Metaphysics. Nöldeke, Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, Bd. iii., s. 131. Spiegel to Yaçna, 29, of the Khordah-Avesta.
He remains eternally apart upon a frosty throne; his voice is heard, but he cannot condescend. He does not enter into humanity, and therefore cannot render to humanity the highest services. The Life of Mahomet, by Sir W. Muir, 1858. Mohammed, by Wellhausen, and "The Koran," by Nöldeke, in Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. xvi.
See p. 172. Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts, i. 56-59. As Lagamal, Kanishurra. See Peters' Nippur, ii. chapter x, "The History of Nippur." Ib. ll. 260. VR. pls. 60, 61. See Nöldeke, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, xi. 107-109. VR. 64, col. i. 3-9; col. ii. 46. See p. 444. See p. 81. See pp. 126 seq. See p. 129. So Antiochus Soter, VR. 66, col. i. l. 3.
Most recent scholars follow the chronological arrangement proposed by the great Orientalist Nöldeke in 1860. Friedrich Schwally in his newly revised edition of Nöldeke's great work on the Koran follows his master in almost every detail. Rodwell's translation of the Koran, recently issued in "Everyman's Library," arranges the suras chronologically according to Nöldeke's scheme.
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