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Updated: May 13, 2025
Plants which climb by the aid of spontaneously revolving and sensitive petioles Clematis Tropaeolum Maurandia, flower-peduncles moving spontaneously and sensitive to a touch Rhodochiton Lophospermum internodes sensitive Solanum, thickening of the clasped petioles Fumaria Adlumia Plants which climb by the aid of their produced midribs Gloriosa Flagellaria Nepenthes Summary on leaf-climbers.
Those which have the power of spontaneously revolving and of grasping objects with which they come in contact, easily pass from branch to branch, and securely ramble over a wide, sun-lit surface. The divisions containing twining plants, leaf-climbers, and tendril- bearers graduate to a certain extent into one another, and nearly all have the same remarkable power of spontaneously revolving.
Any one who will look during windy weather at twining plants will see that they are easily blown from their support; not so with tendril-bearers or leaf-climbers, for they quickly and firmly grasp their support by a much more efficient kind of movement.
We now come to our second class of climbing plants, namely, those which ascend by the aid of irritable or sensitive organs. For convenience' sake the plants in this class have been grouped under two sub-divisions, namely, leaf-climbers, or those which retain their leaves in a functional condition, and tendril-bearers.
But these sub-divisions graduate into each other, as we shall see under Corydalis and the Gloriosa lily. Palm and Mohl class these plants with those which bear tendrils; but as a leaf is generally a defined object, the present classification, though artificial, has at least some advantages. Leaf-climbers are, moreover, intermediate in many respects between twiners and tendril-bearers.
But owing to the subsequent growth of the leaf, this filament became after a time quite slack, though still remaining firmly coiled round the stick. Hence it would appear that the chief use of the coiling, at least whilst the plant is young, is to support the pitcher with its load of secreted fluid. Summary on Leaf-climbers.
The Fumariaceae include closely allied genera which are leaf-climbers and tendril-bearers. Lastly, a species of Bignonia is at the same time both a leaf-climber and a tendril-bearer; and other closely allied species are twiners. Tendrils of another kind consist of modified flower-peduncles. In this case we likewise have many interesting transitional states.
Tendril-bearers have undergone much more modification than leaf-climbers; hence it is not surprising that their supposed primordial habits of revolving and twining have been more frequently lost or modified than in the case of leaf-climbers. The three great tendril-bearing families in which this loss has occurred in the most marked manner, are the Cucurbitaceae, Passifloraceae, and Vitaceae.
A rootlet-climber saves much in this respect, but has a restricted range of action, and other disadvantages. There are two other modes, which combine the utmost economy of material with freer range of action. There are, in the first place, leaf-climbers of various sorts, agreeing only in this, that the duty of laying hold is transferred to the leaves, so that the stem may rise in a direct line.
The young shoots revolve, but less regularly and less quickly than those of the last species. The stem twines imperfectly round a vertical stick, sometimes reversing its direction, in the same manner as described in so many leaf-climbers; and this plant though possessing tendrils, climbs to a certain extent like a leaf-climber.
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