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Updated: May 21, 2025
The issue of the battle was indecisive; still, however, it seems to have seriously aroused the fears of Sparta: no further hostilities took place till the following year; the oracle at Delphi was solemnly consulted, and the god ordained the Spartans to seek their adviser in an Athenian. They sent to Athens and obtained Tyrtaeus.
When temptations fierce assault me, When my enemies I find, Sin and guilt, and death and Satan, All against my soul combined, Hold me up in mighty waters, Keep my eyes on things above, Righteousness, divine Atonement, Peace, and everlasting Love. It was a little lame schoolmaster, Tyrtaeus, who aroused the Spartans by his poetry and led them to victory against the foe.
Cyr fled with the whole of his troops. The bookseller Perthes, Prell, and von Hess, formed a civic guard. The youthful Koerner, a volunteer Jaeger, was the Tyrtaeus of those days: his military songs were universally sung: his father also expressed great enthusiasm. Clausewitz. The Bavarians stood under Raglowich, the Wuertembergers under Franquemont, the Saxons under Reynier.
Deputies and strangers listened with delight while he told them that victory was the order of the day; that the guineas of Pitt had been vainly lavished to hire machines six feet high, carrying guns; that the flight of the English leopard deserved to be celebrated by Tyrtaeus; and that the saltpetre dug out of the cellars of Paris had been turned into thunder, which would crush the Titan brethren, George and Francis.
The personal history of Tyrtaeus, and his warlike songs which roused the fainting courage of the Spartans during the second Messenian war, have already been mentioned. Alcman was originally a Lydian slave in a Spartan family, and was emancipated by his master. He lived shortly after the second Messenian war.
It proves him to possess the stuff of a Tyrtaeus or a Körner, something vastly more stirring and stimulating than the usual staple of "The dry-tongued laurel's pattering talk." Howbeit, late may he have call for another war-song! With the name of Tennyson we reach the term of our Laureate calendar.
'Who then fears to draw the sword, And fight the battle of the Lord? I could well believe at that moment that the Spartans had found the lame singer Tyrtaeus the most successful of their generals, for the sound of their own voices increased the confidence of the country folk, while the martial words of the old hymn roused the dogged spirit in their breasts.
Karnis, that zealous votary of the Muses, stood with Orpheus, on the very top of the barricade throwing lance after lance, while he sang at the top of his voice snatches of the verses of Tyrtaeus, in the teeth, as it were, of the foe who were crowding through the breach; the sweat streamed from his bald head and his eye flashed fire.
Greek Literature and its Divisions. 2. The Language. 3. The Religion. Ante-Homeric Songs and Bards. 2. Poems of Homer; the Iliad; the Odyssey. 3. The Cyclic Poets and the Homeric Hymns. 4. Poems of Hesiod; the Works and Days; the Theogony. 5. Elegy and Epigram; Tyrtaeus; Archilochus; Simonides. 6. Iambic Poetry, the Fable, and Parody; Aesop. 7. Greek Music and Lyric Poetry; Terpander. 8.
For the change of dialect in elegy, &c., see Thumb, Handbuch d. gr. Dialekte, pp. 327-30, 368 ff., and the literature there cited. Fick and Hoffmann overstated the change, but Hoffmann's new statement in Die griechische Sprache, 1911, sections on Die Elegie, seems just. The question of Tyrtaeus is complicated by other problems. The inference was pointed out to me by Miss Harrison.
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