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The inquisition the great cause of the revolt The three varieties of the institution The Spanish inquisition described The Episcopal inquisition in the Netherlands The Papal inquisition established in the provinces by Charles V. His instructions to the inquisitors They are renewed by Philip Inquisitor Titelmann Instances of his manner of proceeding Spanish and Netherland inquisitions compared Conduct of Granvelle Faveau and Mallart condemned at Valenciennes "Journee des maubrulea" Severe measures at Valenciennes Attack of the Rhetoric Clubs Upon Granvelle Granvelle's insinuations against Egmont and Simon Renard Timidity of Viglius Universal hatred toward the Cardinal Buffoonery of Brederode and Lumey Courage of Granvelle Philip taxes the Netherlands for the suppression of the Huguenots in France Meeting of the Knights of the Fleece Assembly at the house of Orange Demand upon the estates for supplies Montigny appointed envoy to Spain Open and determined opposition to Granvelle Secret representations by the Cardinal to Philip, concerning Egmont and other Seigniors Line of conduct traced out for the King Montigny's representations in Spain Unsatisfactory result of his mission.
Horn, at least, was for killing all the priests and monks in the country, if full satisfaction were not given to the demands of the heretics. Egmont had declared openly for the beggars, and was levying troops in Germany. Orange had the firm intention of making himself master of the whole country, and of dividing it among the other seigniors and himself.
It was, therefore, "necessary to show that prelates, abbots, monks, seigniors, gentlemen, burghers, and peasants, the whole people in short, now cried with one voice, and desired with one will. To such a demonstration the King would not dare oppose himself.
The "insane and outrageous expenses" in which the nuptials had involved her, the rebukes of her husband, the sneers of the seigniors, the undutiful epigrams of her son, the ridicule of the people, affected her spirits to such a degree, harassed as she was with grave matters of state, that she kept her rooms for days together, weeping, hour after hour, in the most piteous manner.
Upon the warm assurance of Count Horn, that he would enable her to escape from the city, should it become necessary, or would perish in the attempt, a promise in which he was seconded by the rest of the seigniors, she consented to remain for the day in her palace.
Had it not been for the zeal of the leading seigniors, the nobility, and other well-disposed persons, affairs would not at that moment be so tranquil; the common people having been so much injured, and the manner of life pursued by the Cardinal not being calculated to give more satisfaction than was afforded by his unlimited authority.
In fact, Philip himself would be equally powerless, "for," said the Cardinal, "they will have succeeded in putting your Majesty completely under guardianship." He added, moreover, that the seigniors, in order to gain favor with the people and with the estates, had allowed them to acquire so much power, that they would respond to any request for subsidies by a general popular revolt.
Pasquinades and pamphlets were already appearing daily, each more bitter than the other; the livery was spreading rapidly through all classes of people, and the seigniors most distinctly refused to recede from their determination of absenting themselves from the council so long as Granvelle remained. There was no help for it; and on the 13th of March the Cardinal took his departure.
Egmont and Aerschot, however, to whom Margaret had entrusted this last mission to the beleaguered town, roundly rebuked the deputies who came to treat with them, for their insolence in daring to doubt the word of the Regent. The two seigniors had established themselves in the Chateau of Beusnage, at a league's distance from Valenciennes.
He had been especially indignant at the insult which the Duchess Regent had put upon him, by sending Duke Eric of Brunswick with an armed force into Holland in order to protect Gouda, Woerden, and other places within the Prince's own government. He was thoroughly conversant with the general tone in which the other seigniors and himself were described to their sovereign.
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