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Updated: June 11, 2025
On the completion of this education, about the close of the 12th century, he proceeded to the Continent to complete his studies, and spent some time in the school of Salernum, where it is probable that he enjoyed the instruction of Roger of Parma, Ricardus Salernitanus, and may have had among his fellow-students Aegidius of Corbeil.
About thirty miles southeast of Naples lay Salernum, which for centuries kept alight the lamp of the old learning, and became the centre of medical studies in the Middle Ages; well deserving its name of "Civitas Hippocratica."
As I have already mentioned, Constantinus Africanus, a North African Christian monk, widely travelled and learned in languages, came to Salernum and translated many works from Arabic into Latin, particularly those of Hippocrates and Galen. The "Pantegni" of the latter became one of the most popular text-books of the Middle Ages.
His journey from Salernum had so wearied the ecclesiastic that he could but give a hand to be kissed by his hostess, and straightway retire into privacy; the repast that was ready for him had to be served beside his couch, and soon after night had fallen, Leander slumbered peacefully.
This conclusion is further justified by the fact, generally accepted by all modern writers, that Gilbert was himself a pupil of Salernum. Singularly enough, both Dr. Payne and Mr. Kingsford profess to find in the Compendium some evidence that Gilbert sojourned in Syria for a certain period, though the circumstances of this sojourn are viewed differently by the two biographers. Dr.
And as the Earth is colde and dry: so Melancholy is colde and dry." Thomas Phaer: Regiment of Life, London, 1546. As the famous Regimen Sanitatis of Salernum, the popular family hand-book of the Middle Ages, says: Foure Humours raigne within our bodies wholly, And these compared to foure elements.
Medical Record, 1880, xviii, 698. The School of Salernum. An historical sketch of mediæval medicine. 1883. Translated, and in conjunction with the author, revised and enlarged, 1887. Clinical history of a case of abdominal cancer. Cleveland Medical Gazette, 1891-2, vii, 315-321. The Sanitary topography of Cleveland. Cleveland Medical Gazette, 1895-6, xi, 651-659. Cleveland in the Census Reports.
But this plot was disclosed by some of the accomplices, and the affair was laid before the senate. Pleminius was thrown into a lower dungeon, and there put to death. In this year colonies of Roman citizens were settled at Puteoli, Vulturnum, and Liternum; three hundred men in each place. Colonies of Roman citizens were likewise established at Salernum and Buxentum.
There passed over to the side of Hannibal Arpi in Apulia, and Uzentum in Messapia, two old towns which had been greatly injured by the Roman colonies of Luceria and Brundisium; all the towns of the Bruttii who took the lead with the exception of the Petelini and the Consentini who had to be besieged before yielding; the greater portion of the Lucanians; the Picentes transplanted into the region of Salernum; the Hirpini; the Samnites with the exception of the Pentri; lastly and chiefly, Capua the second city of Italy, which was able to bring into the field 30,000 infantry and 4000 horse, and whose secession determined that of the neighbouring towns Atella and Caiatia.
The Arab writer whose influence on mediaeval thought was the most profound was Averroes, the great commentator on Aristotle. THE most striking intellectual phenomenon of the thirteenth century is the rise of the universities. Monastic and collegiate schools, seats of learning like Salernum, student guilds as at Bologna, had tried to meet the educational needs of the age.
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