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And at the same epoch the Rajputs were already known in India and had their own kingdom. As to the Ashvamedha, which Colonel Tod thinks to be the chief illustration of his theory, the custom of killing horses in honor of the sun is mentioned in the Rig-Veda, as well as in the Aitareya-Brahmana. Martin Haug states that the latter has probably been in existence since 2000-2400 B.C.

It has, moreover, a deep, mysterious energy of an almost magical character. A marvelous transformation has taken place in their social constitution, their religion, and in their general spirit. The caste system has sprung up, of which there are few traces in the Rig-Veda.

The etymology of the name Varuna is doubtful, but the representation of him in the Rig-Veda points to the sky as his original form he is a clear example of a sky-god who becomes universal. Of his earliest history we have no information in the most ancient records he is already fully formed.

Among the Rig-Veda hymns are certain poems in Dialogue form, which from their curious and elliptic character have been the subject of much discussion among scholars.

He may be recognized in Traitana, who is said in the Rig-Veda to have slain a mighty giant by severing his head from his shoulders. A third heroic personage known in the early times was Keresaspa, of the noble Sama family. The "glory" which had rested upon Yima so many years became his in his day. He slew Qravara, the queen and venomous serpent, who swallowed up men and horses.

Without them the gods could do nothing. They would not even be. In the Rig-Veda and the Vedas generally they are transparent. The subsequent evolution of the Paramâtmâ, the Tri-murti and the hierarchy, had, for culmination, the apotheosis of a priesthood that had invented them and who, for the invention, deserved the apotheosis which they claimed and got.

Now he had many wonderful rare and rich antiques, but none so the apple of his eye as this; for it was one of the fifty Holy Bibles of Greek transcription ordered by Constantine the Great. At his left, a roll somewhat similar in form and at the moment open, lay the Rig-Veda of the Aryans in Sanscrit.

The Indian knows all that; he knows those dread genii by name." Monnier, Des Andes au Para, p. 300. Op. cit., pp. 23-24. Lang, op. cit., I, 162, and passim. Max Müller, op cit., p. 12. Nouveaux Essais, p. 320. See Lang, Myth, Ritual and Religion, I, p. 234, a passage from the Rig-Veda, with four very different translations by Max Müller, Wilson, Benfrey, and Langlois.

This is proved by clauses in those 'negativing' texts themselves, 'Whosoever looks for anything elsewhere than in the Self', 'from that great Being there has been breathed forth the Rig-veda, &c. Up.

The worship of water, of fire, and of air involved their personification, and they then became exciting principles, in accordance with the law of evolution which we have laid down. In the Rig-Veda, as well as in the Zendavesta, the waters are collectively invoked by their special name âpas, and they are termed the mothers, the divine, which contain the amrta or ambrosia, and all healing powers.