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Updated: May 20, 2025
Since Wöhler’s discovery that urea could be built up by artificial combination, more and more of the carbon-compounds which were previously regarded as specialities of the vital force have been produced by artificial syntheses. The highest synthesis, that of proteids, has not yet been discovered, but perhaps that, too, may yet be achieved.
Ordinary gypsum, or superphosphates, or plaster will readily unite with ammonia, and these added to the manure heap largely counteract the tendency of the nitrogen to waste, thus enabling the farmer to put back into his soil most of the nitrogen which was extracted from it by his crops and then used by his stock. His vegetable crops raise the nitrates into proteids.
I neither nibble nuts like a squirrel, nor grapes like a bird I care nothing for all this jargon about pepsins and proteids and all the rest of it. I'm not a vegetarian, but a carnivorous animal; I drink when I'm thirsty, and I decidedly prefer my beverages to be alcoholic. 'I was thinking at luncheon to-day, said Mrs.
Although this subject is still under investigation, it may be stated with certainty that there are present in the tissues, enzymes that change dextrose to glycogen and vice versa, that break down and build up the proteids, and that aid in the oxidations at the cells. The necessity for such enzymes is quite apparent.
Gelatin, a constituent of soup and obtained from bones and connective tissue by boiling, is the best known of the albuminoid foods. On account of the nitrogen which they contain, proteids and albuminoids are often classed together as nitrogenous foods. *Carbohydrates.*—While the carbohydrates are not so essential to life as are the proteids, they are of very great value in the body.
It acts with vigor on all of the nutrients insoluble in water, producing the following changes: 1. It converts the starch into maltose, completing the work begun by the saliva. This action is due to the amylopsin, which is similar to ptyalin but is more vigorous. It changes proteids into peptones and proteoses, completing the work begun by the gastric juice.
In the muscular tissue, and in the other tissues as well, the proteids are reduced to a lower order of compounds, such as the compounds of ammonia, which pass into the blood and are then taken up by the liver. By the action of the liver cells these are converted into urea and this is turned back into the blood. From the blood the urea is separated by the secreting cells of the kidneys.
I observed much and confusing talk of the value of nitrogens, proteids and when I had reached the ultra-modernists vitamines. Vitamines, I gathered, had only recently been discovered, yet by the progressives they were held to be of the supremest importance in the equation of properly balanced human sustenance.
A light rifle should always be lashed on the komatik, as a rabbit, a partridge, or a deer gives often a light to the eyes with the fresh proteids they afford, like Jonathan's wild honey. In these temperatures, with the muscular exercise required, my strictest of vegetarian friends should permit us to bow in the House of Rimmon.
They are rather complex chemical compounds, though not so complex as proteids. Since neither fats nor carbohydrates contain nitrogen, they are frequently classed together as non-nitrogenous foods. *Purpose Served by Carbohydrates, Fats, and Albuminoids.*—These classes of nutrients all serve the common purpose of supplying energy.
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