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Updated: May 28, 2025
These results were obtained just upon charging the batteries, and are, therefore, slightly higher than the potentials given after the batteries became older. The sulphate of copper cells kept about their maximum value longest, but they showed variations of about 10 per cent.
When with low frequencies and insignificant potentials indications of that property may be noted, how must a gaseous medium behave under the influence of enormous electrostatic stresses which may be active in the interstellar space, and which may alternate with inconceivable rapidity?
In using extremely high frequencies, and, necessarily in such case, also high potentials, the absorption or, what is here meant more particularly by this term, the loss of energy due to the presence of a gaseous medium is an important factor to be considered, as the energy absorbed in the air condenser may be any fraction of the supplied energy.
Now what with these frequencies and potentials occurs in an exhausted tube occurs in the lightning discharges at ordinary pressure. We only need remember one of the facts arrived at in the course of these investigations, namely, that to impulses of very high frequency the gas at ordinary pressure behaves much in the same manner as though it were at moderately low pressure.
In the year 1890 he severed his connection with the Westinghouse Company, since which time he has devoted himself entirely to the study of alternating currents of high frequencies and very high potentials, with which study he is at present engaged. No comment is necessary on his interesting achievements in this field; the famous London lecture published in this volume is a proof in itself.
From many experiences I conclude that lamp filaments obtained in this manner can be advantageously used only with low potentials and low frequency currents. Some kinds of carbon withstand so well that, in order to bring them to the point of fusion, it is necessary to employ very small buttons. In this case the observation is rendered very difficult on account of the intense heat produced.
It affords us a means for producing any potentials by the aid of inexpensive coils operated from ordinary systems of distribution, and what is perhaps more appreciated it enables us to convert currents of any frequency into currents of any other lower or higher frequency.
But when extremely high frequencies and more or less high potentials are used, the loss may be very great. The total energy lost per unit of time is proportionate to the product of the number of impacts per second, or the frequency and the energy lost in each impact.
The same peculiarity allows very sharp curves to be taken, but I am without experimental tests as yet of the limit in this respect. Further, we now know that we can insulate the line satisfactorily, even if very high potentials come to be employed. The grip of the locomotive is admirable and almost frictionless, the gear is silent and runs very easily.
Permit me to introduce Dr. Ishie's adaptation of a French invention of some years previous, which permits the development of high voltages by the application of heat to the evaporation of a fluid medium such as water of which we have plenty aboard and you won't miss the little that I requisitioned causing these molecules to separate and pass at high speed through these various grids, providing electrostatic potentials in their passage which can be added quite fantastically to produce the necessary D.C. field which...."
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