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Updated: September 11, 2025
And just as Carlos throws himself into the arms of Posa and thinks to find his all in friendship, so Schiller hoped ineffable things from Koerner. Nowhere else in literature has the eighteenth-century cult of friendship found such fervid, and in the main such noble, expression as in 'Don Carlos'.
It is quite true that the figure of Max, like that of Posa, is out of harmony with the general milieu. Schiller was a lover of contrast, and in his skillful use of it lies a large part of his effectiveness as a playwright.
ALVA. Who'll follow me Into the cabinet? I'll throw myself Before the monarch's feet. The Duke of Alva! DOMINGO. Then God be praised at last! LERMA. When Marquis Posa Comes, say the king's engaged and he'll be sent for. Count! What has happened? You are pale as death! Fell villany! PARMA and FERIA. What! what! MEDINA SIDONIA. How is the king? Fell villany! Explain LERMA. The king shed tears!
They begin by admitting and accounting for that seeming incongruity between the first three and the last two acts, which has always been the gravamen of critical objection to 'Don Carlos'. After this they attempt to show that such a character as Posa might very well have existed in the sixteenth century at the Spanish court.
And all of a sudden, he crashed like lightning, like a tiger: Morro!... ma vendicato ... Again when he was singing ... when he was singing that celebrated air from "Matrimonio segreto," Pria che spunti ... then he, il gran Garcia, after the words, "I cavalli di galoppo" at the words, "Senza posa cacciera," listen, how stupendous, come e stupendo!
Although disgusted with the life I was leading I was unwilling to change it: Simigliante a quells 'nferma Che non puo trovar posa in su le piume, Ma con dar volta suo dolore scherma. Thus I tortured my mind to give it change, and I fell into all these vagaries in order to get away from myself.
ALVA. The king will never hesitate to grant Your highness a request so just. Permit That I conduct you to him. CARLOS. Here I stay Until the king or all Madrid shall come To lead me from my prison. Take my answer. He is still seen for some time lingering in the court and giving orders to the guards. CARLOS and MARQUIS POSA. What means all this? Inform me, Roderigo Art thou not, then, the minister?
Hearing of this intimacy the king now becomes really jealous, but of Posa not of Carlos. Maddened by suspicion he has the marquis murdered on the street and employs Eboli to watch the queen. After this Carlos resolves upon independent action and begins to negotiate with the Netherlanders. His operations are watched and reported by his enemies, and just as he is about to leave Spain he is arrested.
He resolves to save him for Flanders and for humanity by sacrificing himself. This is no more unnatural or inconceivable than the self-sacrifice of Regulus. But Posa wishes to save his friend like a god and not like a common level-headed Philistine. He has the soul of a Plutarchian hero, and where two ways present themselves, the most natural is for him the most heroic.
KING. You have said enough to drive me mad. But nothing to convince me. ALVA. We gave you What we ourselves possessed. KING. May hell reward you! I've done what I repent of! Ah! was hers, The language of a conscience dark with guilt? Say, can I see the king? The former, MARQUIS POSA. Ah! here he comes. Right welcome, marquis! Duke! I need you now No longer. Leave us. The KING, and MARQUIS POSA.
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