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Updated: May 1, 2025
Faraday discovered that other solid substances besides glass exert a similar action on a beam of polarized light. Even opaque solids like iron possess this property. Kerr has proved that a beam of light passed through an extremely thin plate of highly magnetic iron has its plane of polarization slightly rotated.
Transparent and colourless, like glass, this mineral possesses the property of double refraction any small object viewed through it in a particular direction appearing double. It is much used for optical purposes especially for obtaining polarized light. There is another volcano lying far to the northward of Iceland.
The great modification brought to a radiation by the Zeeman effect may, besides, combine itself with other phenomena, and alter the light in a still more complicated manner. A pencil of polarized light, as demonstrated by Signori Macaluzo and Corbino, undergoes, in a magnetic field, modifications with regard to absorption and speed of propagation.
My conjecture is that the same horror had again seized upon Charley when he saw Clara; that it made his face, already deathlike, tenfold more fearful; that Clara took fright at his fear, her imagination opening like a crystal to the polarized light of reflected feeling; and thus they stood in the paralysis of a dismay which ever multiplied itself in the opposed mirrors of their countenances.
Under the influence of the luminous rays, the resistance that the selenium offers to the passage of an electric current instantly changes. At M and M' are placed two horseshoe magnets whose poles are provided with pieces of soft iron that serve as cores to exceedingly fine wire bobbins, d. These polarized pieces are arranged in the shape of a St.
It is true that Schmidt had received pure atropine under the name of daturine, for I have proved most conclusively that the so-called daturine supplied by Trommsdorff, of Erfurt, is pure atropine and nothing else. It has no action whatever on polarized light. Discovered by Geiger and Hesse in 1833. It was first obtained in the form of needles, which were much more soluble than atropine.
Thus the magnetic polarization of the earth as a letter in nature's script bids us rank it alongside other phenomena which in their way are an expression of the earth's being polarized in the north-south direction.
If, at the sacrifice of half the light, we could abolish one of these, the other would place at our disposal a beam of polarized light, incomparably stronger than any attainable from tourmaline. The beams, as you know, are refracted differently, and from this, as made plain in §4, Lecture I., we are able to infer that the one may be totally reflected, when the other is not.
He thus established with numerical accuracy the exact proportionality of the rotation to the distance traversed by the polarized beam. Thus in one series of experiments where the rotation required by the direct beam was 12degrees, that acquired by three passages through the glass was 36degrees, while that acquired by five passages was 60degrees.
Removing the mica and restoring the needle once more to 0°, I introduce between the Nicols a plate of quartz cut perpendicular to the axis; the immediate deflection of the needle declares the transmission of the heat, and when the transmitted beam is properly examined, it is found to be circularly polarized, exactly as a beam of light is polarized under the same conditions.
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