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Updated: May 21, 2025
In all these things they use vast quantities of wool. Your majesty has seen the habits of these people . Under the name of Kumyss, this liquor is much used by the Russian gentry, as a restorative for constitutions weakened by disease or debauchery: and for procuring it they travel to the Tartar districts of the empire.
By this feat I rose considerably in the estimation of the natives; for if one does not drink kumyss one cannot be sociable in the Bashkir sense of the term, and by acquiring the habit one adopts an essential principle of Bashkir nationality.
The mares milk, drank by the kings and rich men, was certainly prepared into cosmos, or kumyss, the favourite beverage of the great; while mead, a much inferior liquor in their estimation, was left to the lower orders. Alfred naturally observes, that these drinking-bouts produced many frays; and notices the reason of the Estum or Esthonians brewing no ale, because they had abundance of mead.
The grain is either despatched by rail or put into gigantic barges, which are towed up the river by powerful tug-steamers to some point connected with the great network of railways. When the traveller has visited the Cathedral and the granaries he has seen all the lions not very formidable lions, truly of the place. He may then inspect the kumyss establishments, pleasantly situated near the town.
When I discovered this unexpected peculiarity in Bashkir manners and customs, I almost regretted that I had made a favourable impression upon my new acquaintances. When the sheep had been devoured, partly by the company in the tent and partly by a nondescript company outside for the whole aoul took part in the festivities kumyss was served in unlimited quantities.
Anna had no difficulty in accounting to her mother for the extra comforts with which Lennox Sanderson's money supplied them. Mrs. Standish Tremont sometimes sent checks and Mrs. Moore never bothered about the source, so long as the luxuries were forthcoming. "Is there no more Kumyss, Anna?" she asked one day. "No, mother." "Then why did you neglect to order it?" The girl's face grew red.
A tent with an unlimited quantity of cushions was always set apart for our accommodation; the sheep were killed and boiled for our dinner, and the pails of kumyss were regularly brought for our refreshment; but all this was evidently done as a matter of duty and not as a spontaneous expression of hospitality.
This beverage, as I have already explained, is mare's milk fermented; but what here passed under the name was very different from the kumyss I had tasted in the establissements of Samara. There it was a pleasant effervescing drink, with only the slightest tinge of acidity; here it was a "still" liquid, strongly resembling very thin and very sour butter-milk.
What interested me more than the lions of the town or the suburban kumyss establishments were the offices of the local administration, where I found in the archives much statistical and other information of the kind I was in search of, regarding the economic condition of the province generally, and of the emancipated peasantry in particular.
A Journey to the Steppe Region of the Southeast The Volga Town and Province of Samara Farther Eastward Appearance of the Villages Characteristic Incident Peasant Mendacity Explanation of the Phenomenon I Awake in Asia A Bashkir Aoul Diner la Tartare Kumyss A Bashkir Troubadour Honest Mehemet Zian Actual Economic Condition of the Bashkirs Throws Light on a Well-known Philosophical Theory Why a Pastoral Race Adopts Agriculture The Genuine Steppe The Kirghiz Letter from Genghis Khan The Kalmyks Nogai Tartars Struggle between Nomadic Hordes and Agricultural Colonists.
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