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History records no wholesale Finnish migrations like that of the Kalmyks, and no war of extermination; and statistics prove that among the remnants of those primitive races the population increases as rapidly as among the Russian peasantry.* From these facts I concluded that the Finnish aborigines had been simply absorbed, or rather, were being absorbed, by the Slavonic intruders.
If the Tartar and Turkish races are really descended from ancestors of that type, then we must assume that they have received in the course of time a large admixture of Aryan or Semitic blood. But we must not be too hard on the poor Kalmyks, or judge of their character by their unprepossessing appearance. They are by no means so unhuman as they look.
Formerly there was a fourth pastoral tribe in this region the Nogai Tartars. They occupied the plains to the north of the Sea of Azof, but they are no longer to be found there. Shortly after the Crimean war they emigrated to Turkey, and their lands are now occupied by Russian, German, Bulgarian, and Montenegrin colonists. Among the pastoral tribes of this region the Kalmyks are recent intruders.
A Journey to the Steppe Region of the Southeast The Volga Town and Province of Samara Farther Eastward Appearance of the Villages Characteristic Incident Peasant Mendacity Explanation of the Phenomenon I Awake in Asia A Bashkir Aoul Diner la Tartare Kumyss A Bashkir Troubadour Honest Mehemet Zian Actual Economic Condition of the Bashkirs Throws Light on a Well-known Philosophical Theory Why a Pastoral Race Adopts Agriculture The Genuine Steppe The Kirghiz Letter from Genghis Khan The Kalmyks Nogai Tartars Struggle between Nomadic Hordes and Agricultural Colonists.
To the southwest of the Lower Volga, in the flat region lying to the north of the Caucasus, we find another pastoral tribe, the Kalmyks, differing widely from the two former in language, in physiognomy, and in religion. Their language, a dialect of the Mongolian, has no close affinity with any other language in this part of the world.
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