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Updated: May 28, 2025
Again, in places beneath the younger drift there is found the buried land surface of an older drift with old soils, forest grounds, and vegetable deposits, containing the remains of animals and plants, which tell of the climate of the interglacial stage in which they lived.
The refrigerating agencies would proceed until an enormous burden of ice was laid on the land of the northern hemisphere. The land apparently sank under the burden, the ice and snow melted at the lower level and there was a temperate interglacial period.
From shooting the bow Indian fashion, I turned to the study of its history, and soon found that the English were its greatest masters. In them archery reached its high tide; after them its glory passed. But the earliest evidence of the use of the bow is found in the existence of arrowheads assigned to the third interglacial period, nearly 50,000 years ago.
The Pleistocene epoch consisted, therefore, of several glacial stages, during each of which the ice advanced far southward, together with the intervening interglacial stages when, under a milder climate, the ice melted back toward its sources or wholly disappeared.
Probably, therefore, he lived in the period immediately preceding the Great Ice Age, or else perhaps in one of the warm interglacial spells with which the long secular winter of the northern hemisphere was then from time to time agreeably diversified. And what did the old master himself look like? Well, painters have always been fond of reproducing their own lineaments.
The German and many English and French geologists distinguish four sheets and three interglacial epochs. The exact number does not concern us, but the repeated spread of the ice is a point of some importance. The various sheets differed considerably in extent.
It is now generally believed that man came north in the third interglacial period; though some high authorities think that he came in the second. Two stages are distinguished in this first part of the Palaeolithic Age the Acheulean and Chellean but it will suffice for our purpose to take the two together as the earlier and longer section of the Old Stone Age.
This was accompanied by subsidence and submersion of large tracts of the land during the Interglacial stage; so that the sea rose to heights of several hundred feet above the present level, and has left behind stratified gravels with shells at these elevations in protected places.
Since early man lived through the successive epochs of the glacial period, he must have been subject to the urgency of vast climatic changes. During the half million years more or less of his existence, cold, stormy, glacial epochs lasting tens of thousands of years have again and again been succeeded by warm, dry, interglacial epochs of equal duration. * W. D. Matthew.
But as man enters Europe he begins to drop his flints on a soil that we have constant occasion to probe although the floor on which he trod is now sometimes forty or fifty feet below the surface and we obtain a surer glimpse of the fortunes of our race. Most European geologists count four distinct extensions of the ice-sheet, with three interglacial periods.
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