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Updated: May 5, 2025
During all geological ages molten rock has found way to the surface, and volcanoes have darkened the sky with clouds of ashes and poured streams of glowing lava down their sides. The older strata, the strata which have been most deeply buried, and especially those which have suffered most from folding and from fracture, show the largest amount of igneous intrusions.
In these widely separated localities are to be found fissure, segregated, and gash veins, and a great diversity of ores, which have been derived, sometimes from the adjacent rocks as in the segregated veins of the Alleghany belt and the gash veins of the Mississippi region and in other cases where they are contained in true fissure veins from a foreign source, but all deposited without the aid of superficial igneous rocks, either as contributors of matter or force.
The social life of ancient Java, comprising public ceremonials, domestic occupations, architecture, agriculture, navigation, drama and music, is memorialised by succeeding terraces of the igneous rock which sufficed for the old-world sculptor as the medium of his Art.
It is from thence has successively sprung his notions of SPIRITUALITY, IMMATERIALITY, IMMORTALITY; in short, all those vague unmeaning words he has invented by degrees, in order to subtilize and designate the attributes of the unknown power, which he believes he contains within himself; which he conjectures to be the concealed principle of all his visible actions when man once imbibes an idea that he cannot comprehend, he meditates upon it until he has given it a complete personification: Thus he saw, or fancied he saw, the igneous matter pervade every thing; he conjectured that it was the only principle of life and activity; he proceeded to embody it; he gave it his own form; called it JUPITER, and ended by worshipping this image of his own creation, as the power from whom he derived every good he experienced, every evil he sustained.
'Bodily' and 'corporal, 'boyish' and 'puerile, 'fiery' and 'igneous, 'wooden' and 'ligneous, 'worldly' and 'mundane, 'bloody' and 'sanguine, 'watery' and 'aqueous, 'fearful' and 'timid, 'manly' and 'virile, 'womanly' and 'feminine, 'sunny' and 'solar, 'starry' and 'stellar, 'yearly' and 'annual, 'weighty' and 'ponderous, may all be placed in the same list.
BOSSES. This name is generally applied to huge irregular masses of coarsely crystalline igneous rock lying in the midst of other formations. Bosses vary greatly in size and may reach scores of miles in extent. Seldom are there any evidences found that bosses ever had connection with the surface.
Let us say, The business catches fire at this point; the Voltaire-Hirsch theatre is as if blown up into mere whirlwinds of igneous rum and smoky darkness. Henceforth all plunges into Lawsuit, into chaos of conflicting lies, undecipherable, not worth deciphering.
These layers, beginning at the bottom, are as follows; igneous granite, unstratified; limestone laid down from life in the ocean, metamorphosed by heat and all fossils thereby destroyed; limestone highly crystallized, composed of fossil shells and very hard; sandstone, made under the sea from previous rock powdered, having huge concretionary masses with a shell or a pebble as a nucleus around which the concretion has taken place; shale from the sea also; conglomerate, or drift, deposited by ice in the famous glacial cold snap; alluvium soil deposited in fresh water and composed partly of organic matter.
We also know that mineral veins are most metalliferous near the contact of Plutonic and stratified formations, especially where the former send veins into the latter, a circumstance which indicates an original proximity of veins at their inferior extremity to igneous and heated rocks.
The attitude and structure of the strata tell also of the foldings and fractures, the deformation and the metamorphism, which they have suffered; and the igneous rocks associated with them as lava flows and igneous intrusions add other details to the story. Each formation is thus a separate local chapter in the geological history of the earth, and its strata are its leaves.
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