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Updated: May 7, 2025
In early ages, the elements of some of these ideographic or phonetic signs signs which afterwards became mere complex groups of wedges were so arranged as to suggest the primitive forms that is, the more or less roughly blocked out images from which they had originally sprung.
In the more advanced stages of Pueblo art the ornament of nearly all the textiles is pervaded by ideographic characters, generally rude suggestions of life forms, borrowed, perhaps, from mythologic art. This is true of much of the coiled basketry of the Moki Indians.
Be it understood that this explanation is offered merely as a conjecture, which, however, finds support in the meaning attached to the term 'Igigi. This, as Halévy and Guyard have recognized, is a formation of a well-known stem occurring in Babylonian, as well as in other Semitic languages, that has the meaning 'strong. The ideographic form of writing the name likewise designates the spirits as 'the great chiefs. The 'Igigi, therefore, are 'the strong ones, and strength being the attribute most commonly assigned to the Semitic deities, there is a presumption, at least, in favor of interpreting Anunnak, or Anunnaki, in the same way.
*The oldest ideographic inscription extant in Japan is carved on a stone in Iyo province dating from A.D. 596. Next in point of antiquity is an inscription on the back of an image of Yakushi which stands in the temple Horyu-ji. It is ascribed to the year A.D. 607. None of the religious edifices then constructed has survived in its integrity to the present day.
Since each sign, in Sumero-Akkadian as well as in Babylonian, represented some general idea, it could stand for an entire series of words, grouped about this idea and associated with it, 'day, for example, being used for 'light, 'brilliancy, 'pure, and so forth. The variety of syllabic and ideographic values which the cuneiform characters show could thus be accounted for.
The very oldest of the ideographic signs of Chaldæa are much farther removed from the objects upon which they were based than the Egyptian hieroglyphs; and when the wedge became the primary element of all the characters, the scribe ceased to give even the most distant hint of the real forms of the things signified.
Its alphabetical characters are therefore ideographic, and not phonetic. They were originally rude representations of the thing signified; but they have undergone various changes from picture-writing to the present more symbolical and more complete system.
Symbolic images are: In the visual order, written words, ideographic signs, etc.; in the auditory order, spoken words or verbal images; in the motor order, significant gestures, and even better, the finger-language of deaf-mutes. Psychologically, these two groups are not identical in nature.
Only one priest, Kaizan of Myoshin-ji, had sufficient courage to oppose Soden's view, and the cause of the Tokugawa chief triumphed. Without a full knowledge of the Chinese ideographic script it is impossible to clearly understand either the charges preferred by the Tokugawa or the arguments employed in rebuttal.
The plan to be followed in this book will be to give the ideographic reading as provisional wherever the real pronunciation is unknown or uncertain.
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