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Updated: May 7, 2025
Whether these signs were ideographic or syllabic or alphabetic in the early stages we do not know; certainly they were alphabetic in the later stage. And the identity of most of the signs in Asia Minor and Spain shows them to belong to a system with commonly received values in the later times. What then becomes of the Phoenician legend of the alphabet?
Literature, the ideographic script,* calendar compiling, astronomy, geography, divination, magic, painting, sculpture, architecture, tile-making, ceramics, the casting of metal, and other crafts were all cultivated assiduously under Chinese and Korean instruction.
the element Nin, as has several times been mentioned, points to an ideographic form. The second element signifies 'wild boar, and from other sources we know that this animal was a sacred one in Babylonia, as among other Semitic nations.
The collection and arrangement of material are estimated to occupy eleven years; printing may thus be begun about 1908. In 1872, Brugsch, in his "Grammaire Hiéroglyphique," published a useful list of signs with their phonetic and ideographic values, accompanying them with references to his Dictionary, and distinguishing some of the specially early and late forms.
The inference that the hieroglyphics of the Egyptians were thus produced, is confirmed by the fact that the picture-writing of the Mexicans was found to have given birth to a like family of ideographic forms; and among them, as among the Egyptians, these had been partially differentiated into the kuriological or imitative, and the tropical or symbolic: which were, however, used together in the same record.
This inscription had been composed and written by a high Buddhist prelate, Seikan, reputed to be one of the greatest scholars and most skilful calligraphists of his time. It was inconceivable that such a man should err flagrantly in the use of the ideographic script.
Although the use of the ideographic script became well known from the fifth century, everything goes to show that no written law existed at that time, or, indeed, for many years afterwards. Neither are there any traces of Korean or Chinese influence in this realm. Custom prescribed punishments, and the solemnity of a judicial trial found no better representative than the boiling-water ordeal.
This remark applies more particularly to such names as begin with the element Nin, signifying either 'lord' or 'lady, and which, when followed by the name of a place, always points to its being a title, and, when followed by an ideographic compound, only diminishes that probability to a slight degree.
The incantations accordingly lead us to the next division in the religious literature of the Babylonians, the prayers and hymns. There are some preserved solely in the ideographic style, and others of which we have only the phonetic transliteration. Die Propheten in ihrer ursprünglichen Form, pp. 1, 6.
What is peculiar in China is the preservation of the ideographic system throughout thousands of years of advanced civilization a preservation probably due, at least in part, to the fact that the spoken language is monosyllabic, uninflected and full of homonyms. Chi Li, in an article on "Some Anthropological Problems of China."
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