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Updated: May 14, 2025
He wept when he won a victory over Greeks; 'for he loved all Greeks and only hated barbarians'. When he returned home after his successful campaigns, he obeyed the orders of the ephors without question; his house and furniture were as simple as those of a common man, and his daughter the princess, when she went to and fro to Amyclae, went simply in the public omnibus.
The whole power of the state was at that time vested in the Ephors and the Senate of Elders, of whom the Ephors are elected every year, while the Elders sit for life. These two bodies were intended as a check upon the power of the kings, who would otherwise have been absolute, as has been explained in the Life of Lykurgus.
The Lacedaemonians first received the news of the fleet having put out from the Isthmus, Alcamenes having been ordered by the ephors to send off a horseman when this took place, and immediately resolved to dispatch their own five vessels under Chalcideus, and Alcibiades with him.
This base plot was found out by the ephors, the officers whose duty it was to watch the kings, and they ordered his own guards to seize him. Before this order could be carried out, however, Pausanias fled, and took refuge in a neighboring temple, where, of course, no one could lay violent hands upon him.
Agesilaus took counsel with the Ephors, and put these also to death privately without process; a thing never before known in the case of any born Spartan. At this time, also, many of the Helots and country people, who were in the army, ran away to the enemy, which was matter of great consternation to the city.
Cleomenes, being very much elated by this success, and persuaded that if matters were wholly at his disposal, he should soon be too hard for the Achaeans, persuaded Megistonus, his mother's husband, that it was expedient for the state to shake off the power of the ephors, and to put all their wealth into one common stock for the whole body; thus Sparta, being restored to its old equality, might aspire again to the command of all Greece.
It would appear that open discussion was not allowed and that the assembly rarely came to a division. The Ephors were of later origin, and did not exist in the original constitution of Lycurgus. They may be regarded as the representatives of the popular assembly.
The Ionian poets teach thee these compliments." "Not so. Who hath sung more of Love and his arrows than our own Alcman?" "Mean you the Regent's favourite brother?" "Oh no! The ancient Alcman; the poet whom even the Ephors sanction."
Outward signs have a value, O Ephors, according to the notions men are brought up to attach to them." "Good," said one of the Ephors. "There is in this departure from our habits, be it right or wrong, no sign then of connivance with the Barbarian." "Connivance is a thing secret and concealed, and shuns all outward signs."
He announced that Sparta was involved in an important war with Thebes and other Greek states, and brought an imperative summons from the ephors to Agesilaus to return at once and assist his countrymen at home. "O Greeks, that will upon yourselves impose Such miserable, more than Persian woes."
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