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Updated: July 21, 2025
The carbohydrates, producing warmth and fat, are also important food substances, the proportion of which, while forming about a fifth of the whole bean, rises to close upon a third of the essence. Cocoa also contains a volatile oil, from which it derives its peculiar and delicious aroma.
The oxygen from the water and part of that from the carbon dioxid is given off into the air through the breathing pores, while the carbon, hydrogen, and part of the oxygen, unite to form the carbohydrates.
*Relative Quantity of Nutrients Needed.*—Proteids, carbohydrates, and fats are the nutrients that supply most of the body’s nourishment. The most hygienic diet is the one which supplies the proteids in sufficient quantity to rebuild the tissues and the carbohydrates and fats in the right amounts to supply the body with energy.
As has already been explained, yeast, in order to grow, requires something on which to feed, and the food that produces the most rapid growth is that which contains carbohydrate. Certain of the carbohydrates, however, prove to be better food and produce more rapid growth than others, and these, which are known as yeast aids, are usually added as ingredients in the making of bread.
*Summary.*—Materials called foods are introduced into the body for rebuilding the tissues, supplying energy, and aiding in its general work. Only a few classes of substances, viz., proteids, carbohydrates, fats, water, and some mineral compounds have all the qualities of foods and are suitable for introduction into the body.
PROTEIN. Digestible. 9.5 Undigestible. 2.1 FATS. Digestible. 0.8 Undigestible. CARBOHYDRATES. Digestible. 70.4 Undigestible. 1.8 PROTEIN. Digestible. 8.2 Undigestible. 2.7 FATS. Digestible. 1.8 Undigestible. CARBOHYDRATES. Digestible. 66.4 Undigestible. 5.3 * Wheat Bread. PROTEIN. Digestible. 7.7 Undigestible. 1.2 FATS. Digestible. 1.9 Undigestible.
Even then the prospective mother requires less energy- giving food than the average man. Since the body handles carbohydrate more readily than fat, it is preferable that whatever additional energy pregnancy necessitates should be supplied by carbohydrates. An increase in the daily consumption of fatty food, over and above that previously found agreeable, is not only unnecessary but undesirable.
PROTEIN. Digestible. 0.4 Undigestible. FATS. Digestible. 83.9 Undigestible. 3.3 CARBOHYDRATES. Digestible. 0.0 Undigestible. *Sugar PROTEIN. Digestible. 0.3 Undigestible. FATS. Digestible. Undigestible. CARBOHYDRATES. Digestible. 96.7 Undigestible. 0.0 PROTEIN. Digestible. 7.6 Undigestible. 1.3 FATS. Digestible. 1.0 Undigestible. CARBOHYDRATES. Digestible. 74.4 Undigestible. 0.8
Gluten exists largely in the cereals wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The proteid principle of peas and beans is legumin, a substance resembling casein. As the name implies, the proteids, or nitrogenous foods, contain nitrogen; carbohydrates and fats, on the contrary, do not contain nitrogen.
In addition may be mentioned artichokes of the green or cone variety, chard, string beans, celery, corn on the cob, turnips, turnip tops, lotus, endive, dandelion and garlic. These vegetables produce but little energy, for most of them are not rich in protein, fat and carbohydrates, but they have considerable salts, which are given in the tables as ash.
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