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Updated: June 25, 2025
The elimination from our surroundings of the pecuniarily unfit, therefore, results in a more or less thorough elimination of that considerable range of elements of beauty which do not happen to conform to the pecuniary requirement. The underlying norms of taste are of very ancient growth, probably far antedating the advent of the pecuniary institutions that are here under discussion.
Thus in strength tests, the men in Yale have double the power of women in Oberlin; while our college athletic records place men far ahead of women in all events requiring strength and endurance. HELEN B. THOMPSON, Psychological Norms in Men and Women, p. 167. University of Chicago Press, 1903. THOMAS, Sex and Society, p. 21. University of Chicago Press, 1907.
What is needed now is surely much more that order be brought into this chaos of propositions, and that definite norms and standards be secured for certain chief examinations, than that the number of variations simply be increased. The chief danger, moreover, lies in the fact that those who are not accustomed to psychological laboratory research are easily misled.
Even the physical world has to enter into consciousness before it can be known and interpreted; even the over-individual norms have to be accepted and interpreted by the spiritual potency before the reality which they possess in themselves can become our own personal reality. We receive from without on the plane of Nature and on the planes of mentality and spirituality.
James depended too much upon the "span of the moment" and its immediate experience. While constantly demanding the need of effort in order to experience the deeper potencies of spiritual life, Eucken insists that such effort can enter into a current only in so far as norms and values are clearly perceived as the meaning and goal of spiritual life.
What is thought and done deals with situations outside the situation of each individual. Mankind has thus created a reality which is beyond that of the content of each individual's experience as an individual. We thus see that there are presented in such norms two aspects of a very different nature.
And the norms which furnish guidance to the spiritual life have originated and are utilised in precisely the same manner as those of the daily avocation. The only difference is that there is more meaning and value in the former than in the latter. But each is a Sollen and constitutes a beyond. This Sollen is a certainty; it exists, and its existence is in itself. It is the star for the Wollen.
She was overwhelmed with shame when she remembered that. She longed for the advice of Ellen or even Mary and she confided her troubles to her mother in the evening as they sat sewing on the veranda. "Well, well," her mother said comfortingly, not dreaming how badly Christina was hurt, "indeed I would rather you acted as you did, than to be taking part in such norms.
It is always a sign that humanity is drifting to the shallows of life when it looks upon religion as the flowering of the mere natural life of good custom, earthly happiness, and ease. Whenever the tragedy born in the conflict between norms and ordinary life is absent, the very elements which constitute greatness and the "taste of eternity" are also absent.
It has already been noticed that on these lower levels the spiritual life is ever present present as a potency and experience when viewed from the standpoint of the individual's creativeness, and present as norms and values when viewed as an object of thought brought forth through general conclusions founded on situations beyond any single situation of the individual.
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