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But populus contrasted in Hungarian law with plebs, the misera plebs contribuens, that phrase of ominous meaning to describe the mass of the oppressed and unenfranchised people, the populus being the nobles, a caste which was relatively very wide, but none the less a caste, and which enjoyed a monopoly of all political power.
The Populus balsamifera or taccamahac, called by the Crees matheh meteos, or ugly poplar, in allusion to its rough bark and naked stem, crowned in an aged state with a few distorted branches, is scarcely less plentiful. It is an inferior firewood and does not been well unless when cut in the spring and dried during the summer; but it affords a great quantity of potash.
When the plebeians obtained access to the great offices of the state, the senate represented the whole people as it formerly represented the populus, and the term populus was enlarged to embrace the entire community. The senate was an august body, and was very powerful. It was both judicial and legislative, and for several centuries was composed of patricians alone.
He stood yonder, Charles, as nearly there, I think, as I can tell from the ruins; he was rapt by his own discourse, and his face was as the face of an angel. And truly three days after, he was dead; and here they buried him the last sound of the organ, the last service of this church, being for him. Here is his name still on the tombstone 'Host. Pio. dilecto. beato. Populus miserrimus."
"So you are the intendant?" said Germain. "I have the honour, Monsieur le Chevalier the greatest honour in seven parishes, Monsieur." "Be good enough to pardon me you have no honour at all, sir. "How? what?" gasped Populus. "None whatever. You are a rascal; but as long as I can make you behave yourself you shall remain intendant. You misrepresent my rent-rolls." "Not at all " "Listen to me.
Finally the comitia became a mere farce, and all legislation passed away forever, and was completely in the hands of the emperor and Senate. Thus it would appear that the Roman constitution was essentially aristocratic, especially for three hundred years after the expulsion of kings. The Senate and the populus had the whole power.
Therefore that excommunication may fruitfully succeed, the consent of the people is necessary: Frustra enim ejicitur ex ecclesia, et consortio fidelium privatur, quem populus, abigere, et a quo abstinere recuset. But the public censure of positive excommunication should not be inflicted without the church’s consent, for the reasons foresaid.
Romulus left the people organized into two great divisions, Patricians and Clients: the former being the Populus Romanus, or Roman People, and possessing the only political rights; and the others being entirely dependent upon them. Another body, not yet organized, called Plebeians, or Plebs, was composed of inhabitants of conquered towns and refugees.
Livy here again speaks of the populus as the people to whom the senate left the decision: this must have been the patricians only, for they alone had the right to decide upon the fate of the members of their own order.
Pliny says, "It became the third order in the state, and to the title of Senatus Populusque Romanus, there began to be added, et Equestris ordo." Beside this Romanus populus, which constituted the ruling class under kings, was another body, made up of conquered people. In early times their number was small, nor did they appear as a distinct class until the reign of Tullus Hostilius.
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