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Frequently, as in many Dicotyledons, the primary root, the original root of the seedling, persists throughout the life of the plant, forming, as often in biennials, a thickened tap-root, as in carrot, or in perennials, a much-branched root system. In many Dicotyledons and most Monocotyledons, the primary root soon perishes, and its place is taken by adventitious roots developed from the stem.
Like most biennials, parsley develops only a rosette of leaves during the first year. These leaves are dark green, long stalked and divided two or three times into ovate, wedge-shaped segments, and each division either entire, as in parsnip, or more or less finely cut or "curled."
It will grow anywhere, and once established it is hard to get rid of. In the case of many of the tall-growing kinds, better results are obtained by treating them as biennials than perennials. No garden should be without the double white feverfew; the more you cut it the more it blooms.
La France and Ulrich Brunner competed silver rose against cherry rose on either side of the porch. Yet the fragrance of all these roses had to yield to that of the Cottage flowers, mignonette, Sweet-William, lemon verbena, Brompton stocks annuals, biennials, perennials, intermixed that lined the border, with blue delphiniums and white Madonna lilies breaking into flower above them.
"The columbine has been 'burbanked. There's a pink one among the cultivated kinds. They're larger than the wild ones and very lovely." "Mother has some. Hers are called the 'Rose Queen," said Margaret. "There are yellow and blue ones, too." "Your grandmother can give you some pink Canterbury bells that will blossom this year. They're biennials, you know."
Annuals as a class are not desirable for the rock garden; for one thing, the care of renewal is too great. Biennials are almost as much care, but in each case there will always be exceptions that are a matter of individual preference. The main dependence, however, must be placed on perennials the plants that, barring accidents, last indefinitely.
Other proofs could be given by other biennials, and among them the stray annual plants of common carrots are perhaps the most notorious. In my own cultures of evening-primroses I have preferred the annuals and excluded the biennials, but without being able to produce a pure annual race. As soon as circumstances are favorable, the biennials return in large numbers. Cereals give analogous proofs.
Biennials that it is desired shall flower the first season are best hurried in this way, yet for the gardenerless garden of a woman this makes o'er muckle work.
Why has man rooted himself thus firmly in the earth, but that he may rise in the same proportion into the heavens above? for the nobler plants are valued for the fruit they bear at last in the air and light, far from the ground, and are not treated like the humbler esculents, which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season.
But this result was only a secondary gain, a meager consolation for the negative fact that no real mutability could be discovered. My plants were mostly annuals or biennials, or such perennials as under adequate treatment might produce flowers and seeds during their first summer. It would be of no special use to enumerate them.
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