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Updated: April 30, 2025
By a course of 75,011 observations, executed during the years 1821-33, with the utmost nicety of care, the number of accurately known stars was brought up to above 50,000, and an ample store of trustworthy facts laid up for the use of future astronomers. In this department Argelander, whom he attracted from finance to astronomy, and trained in his own methods, was his assistant and successor.
Yet, on account of the minuteness of the majority of their stars, neither of these constellations makes by any means as brilliant a display as does Orion, to which Argelander assigns only one hundred and fifteen naked-eye stars, and Heis one hundred and thirty-six.
Argelander was more than any one else the founder of that branch of his science which treats of variable stars. His methods have been followed by his successors to the present time. It was his policy to make the best use he could of the instruments at his disposal, rather than to invent new ones that might prove of doubtful utility. The results of his work seem to justify this policy.
ARGELANDER. This conspicuous ring-plain, about 20 miles in diameter, is, if we except two smaller inosculating rings on the S.W. flank of Albategnius, the most northerly of a remarkable serpentine chain of seven moderately-sized formations, extending for nearly 180 miles from the S.W. of Parrot to the N. side of Blanchinus.
Argelander now obtained an entirely concordant result from the large number of 390, determined with the scrupulous accuracy characteristic of Bessel's work and his own.
It was in 1823 that Bessel drew attention to discrepancies in the times of transits given by different astronomers. The quantities involved were far from insignificant. He was himself nearly a second in advance of all his contemporaries, Argelander lagging behind him as much as a second and a quarter.
Its border is lofty, slightly terraced within, and includes a central peak. AIRY. About 22 miles in diameter, connected with Argelander by a depression bounded by linear walls. Its border, double on the S.E., is broken on the S. by a prominent crater, with a smaller companion on the W. of it; and again on the N.E. by another not so conspicuous. It has a central peak.
According to Argelander, Hercules contains more stars visible to the naked eye than any other constellation, and he makes the number of them one hundred and fifty-five, nearly two thirds of which are only of the sixth magnitude.
DELAUNAY. Adjoins Faye on the S.E., and is a larger and more complex object, of irregular form, with very lofty peaks on its border. A prominent ridge of great height traverses the formation from N. to S., abutting on the W. border of Lacaille. Delaunay is the last link in the chain commencing with Argelander.
The not uncommon phenomena of multiple envelopes, on the other hand, he explained as due to the varying amounts of repulsion exercised by the nucleus itself on the different kinds of matter developed from it. The movements and perturbations of the comet of 1811 were no less profoundly studied by Argelander than its physical constitution by Olbers.
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