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Updated: May 19, 2025
In the United States there are three species of Anopheles maculipennis, punctipennis and crucians which are common in various localities, and one or two other species that so far as known are local or rare. The Anopheles eggs are not laid in masses as are the eggs of many other mosquitoes, but are deposited singly on the surface of the water where they may be found often floating close together.
Malaria in France is also comparatively unknown, though we found the Anopheles mosquito which is responsible for transmitting the disease elsewhere.
Finally, most consoling of all, it was discovered that, while the ordinary Culex mosquito can breed, going through all the stages from the egg to the complete insect, in about fourteen days, so that any puddle which will remain wet for that length of time, or even such exceedingly temporary collections of water as the rain caught in a tomato-can, in an old rubber boot, in broken crockery, etc., will serve her for a breeding-place, the Anopheles on the other hand takes nearly three months for the completion of her development.
The females of Anopheles and related forms have palpi quite as long as the males, but they are slender throughout while the male palpi are usually somewhat enlarged toward the tip and bear more or less conspicuous patches of rather long hairs or scales. The mouth-parts of the mosquito are of course of particular interest to us.
At its posterior end are given off five long slender processes, the Malpighian tubules which are organs of excretion, acting like the kidneys of higher animals. The hindgut is that portion of the intestine from the stomach to the end of the body. Anopheles at left. Lying under the alimentary canal in the forward part of the thorax are the salivary glands.
He acknowledged the small progress that had been made in this study. From worms he went to Protozoa-Trypanosomes, sleeping sickness, host tsetse-fly showed life history comparatively, propagated in secondary host or encysting in primary host similarly malarial germs spread by Anopheles mosquitoes all very interesting.
Another group containing the Anopheles are intermediate between these two and have mouth-parts fitted for feeding on minute organisms as well as for attacking and holding other larger things. A few kinds feed habitually some distance below the surface, others on the bottom, while still others feed always at the surface.
While "bad air" had nothing to do with causing the disease, except in so far as it was inhabited by songsters of the Anopheles genus, yet it was precisely the air of marshy places which was most likely to be "bad" in this sense.
Fortunate it is in one way that anopheles is the mosquito of lines of communication, of the bases, of houses and huts and dwellings of man, rather than of the bush. Our fighting troops are consequently not so exposed as troops on lines of communication. For this blessing we are grateful, for lines of communication troops can use mosquito nets, but divisional troops on trek or on patrol cannot.
It was during this expedition that he discovered a new species of anopheline mosquito, which after identification by Major James, I.M.S., was named after him Anopheles aitkeni. During his long service there are to be found in the Annual Reports of the Customs Department frequent mention of Mr.
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