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Updated: June 12, 2025


There is such a kind of thing, though, and of a more subtle sort, which we might term a chemical vacuum, and it is the result of what we call chemical valency, which again might be defined as the specific chemical appetite of each substance. Let us now take the case of the production of an aniline colour, and let us try to discover what aniline is, and how formed.

He ground his boot-heel into the orange-yellow lion that couched on a field of aniline green hearthrug, and drove his hands down deep into his pockets, and the painful scarlet surged over the rim of his Roman collar and dyed his thin, sensitive, beautiful face and high, white forehead to the roots of his dark, curling hair.

In another row are the dealers in Indian blankets; still another is devoted to such trinkets as one might expect to find in a "needle-and-thread" shop at home. There are stolid Aymara peddlers with scores of bamboo flutes varying in size from a piccolo to a bassoon; the hat merchants, with piles of freshly made native felts, warranted to last for at least a year; and vendors of aniline dyes.

If the plate were dipped in clear water it would be difficult to observe the picture coming out, especially on copper. To overcome this difficulty the water must be tinged with some aniline color; aniline red or violet, which are soluble in water, answers the purpose very well. Enough of the dye must be dissolved in the water to give it a tolerably deep color.

It was from France, England and the United States that Germany stole the typewriter, the steel building, the use of rubber, the aniline dyes, reënforced concrete bridges, air-brakes, the use of electricity. One of the most amazing volumes in the world is the "History of Tools and Machinery."

Then I urged our responsibility concerning them, and meant to wind up by reciting, in a very solemn and earnest voice, the verse beginning, "Can we whose souls are lighted." When I had completed my sermon I went over it very carefully again and wrote with red ink Cecily made it for me out of an aniline dye the word "thump" wherever I deemed it advisable to chastise the pulpit.

Although the modern Indian still prefers the product of hand looms, he has been quick to adopt the harsh aniline dyes, which are not only easier to secure, but produce more striking results.

A curious question might now be asked, namely: "Could the acid colour Alizarin, if fixed on cotton cloth, combine with a basic aniline colour, e.g. Aniline Violet, and act as a mordant for it, thus fixing it?" The answer is, "Certainly"; and thus an Alizarin Purple would be produced, whilst if Magenta were used in place of Aniline Violet, an Alizarin Red of a crimson tone would result.

Methyl Violet is a colour we have already referred to, and its chemical structure is still more complex, but it also is built up of aniline materials, and so is a basic aniline colour. Methyl Violet is constructed of aniline or substituted aniline groups; the addition of CH Cl, then, gives us the Methyl Green.

The so-called Spanish school of to-day is as yet too new for us to see exactly whither it tends. Its passion for glaring, metallic, aniline compound tints tints that "scream," to use a French phrase its horror of all shade and depth and of pure and simple colors, are, however, most certainly unhealthy. It is a diseased eye that in the desire for violent color loses all memory of chiaroscuro.

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