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Updated: June 24, 2025
Ion says of him, that, upon this exploit of his, conquering the Samians, he indulged very high and proud thoughts of himself: whereas Agamemnon was ten years taking a barbarous city, he had in nine months' time vanquished and taken the greatest and most powerful of the Ionians.
There the Boiotians, and Ionians with trailing tunics, and Lokrians and Phthians and illustrious Epeians scarcely availed to stay his onslaught on the ships, nor yet could they drive back from them noble Hector, like a flame of fire.
“If they went up the coast as far as the promontory on Mt. Ægaleos, the strait toward Eleusis would be closed?” “Certainly.” “And on the south the way is already blocked by the Ionians.” “I had trouble in passing even in my skiff.” More questions, Glaucon not knowing whither they all were drifting. Without warning Themistocles uprose and smote his thigh. “So you are anxious to serve Hellas?”
The superior fleet and the recent naval glories of the Athenians could not fail to give them, at this juncture, a moral pre-eminence over the other allies; and we shall observe that the Ionians, and those who had lately recovered their freedom from the Persian yoke , were especially desirous to exchange the Spartan for the Athenian command.
Aristagoras now resolved to cross over to Greece, in order to solicit assistance. The Spartans, to whom he first applied, refused to take any part in the war; but at Athens he met with a very different reception. The Athenians sympathised with the Ionians as their kinsmen and colonists, and were incensed against the satrap Artaphernes, who had recently commanded them to recall Hippias.
Among those twelve cities, or States, were Sarnos, Chios, Miletus, Ephesus, Colophon, and Phocæa. The purest Ionian blood was found at Miletus, the seat of Neleus. These cities were probably inhabited by other races before the Ionians came. To these another was subsequently added—Smyrna, which still retains its ancient name.
"I thank thee, my father," said Lysander, colouring deeply at a compliment paid rarely to one so young, "and thus I answer thee: "Pausanias, in seeking to enforce discipline and preserve the Spartan supremacy, was at first somewhat harsh and severe to these Ionians, who had indeed but lately emancipated themselves from the Persian yoke, and who were little accustomed to steady rule.
Of the Greek colonists of Asia the Ionians possessed the highest culture, and with them we find the first development of Greek poetry. Drawing from the common language a richer tone and a clearness and graphic power that their neighbors never equaled, they early unfolded the ancient legends and genealogies of the race into new and enlarged forms of poetical beauty.
Ill Success of that Expedition. Aristagoras resolves upon Revolting from the Persians. Repairs to Sparta and to Athens. The Athenians and Eretrians induced to assist the Ionians. Burning of Sardis. The Ionian War. The Fate of Aristagoras. Naval Battle of Lade. Fall of Miletus. Reduction of Ionia. Miltiades. His Character. Mardonius replaces Artaphernes in the Lydian Satrapy.
This was the most ancient of the Grecian states, and was conjoined to the kingdom of Agamemnon at the Trojan war. At first it was possessed by Ionians, expelled subsequently by the Dorians, and not long after seems to have lapsed into a democratic republic.
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