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Updated: September 14, 2025
Thus after the war with China in 1894-95, she opened by her Treaty of Peace four ports in the Yangtsze Valley region, Soochow, Hangchow, Chungking and Shasi; that is, at the two extreme ends of the valley she established politico-commercial points d'appui from which to direct her campaign.
Already in Shantung the same policy is being pursued and there are indications that it is being thought of in Fuhkien; whilst the infantry garrison which was quietly installed at Hankow 600 miles up the Yangtsze river at the time of the Revolution of 1911 is apparently to be made permanent.
Russia is to be specially placated, England to be specially negotiated with, thus incidentally explaining Japan's recent attitude regarding the Yangtsze Railways. Japan, released from her dependent foreign policy, that is from a policy which is bound by conventions and treaties which others respect, can then carry out her own plans without fear of molestation.
For this reason, although he destroyed the revolutionists on the mid-Yangtsze, to equalize matters, on the lower Yangtsze he secretly ordered the evacuation of Nanking by the Imperialist forces so that he might have a tangible argument with which to convince the Manchus regarding the root and branch reform which he knew was necessary.
Though, as we have said, the Northern troops were fighting well in his cause on the upper reaches of the great Yangtsze, the movement against him was now spreading as though it had been a dread contagious disease, the entire South uniting against Peking. His promise to open a proper Legislative Chamber on 1st May was met with derision.
Imperialism merchants and Lun Yat Sen, alleged secret agreement war indemnity war of 1894 Japan's, activities in the Yangtsze Valley account of the Chengchiatun incident alarm at the Chinese revolution animosity towards Yuan Shih-kai attitude toward Yuan Shih-kai Chinese policy "Continental quadrilateral" Doctrine of Maximum Pressure Far East activities German policy government foundry at Wakamatsu influence in China on European war question influence on the monarchial election influence over China's war measures original Twenty-one Demands Pekin Expeditionary Force police rights in Manchuria political history pressure on Yuan Shih-kai subterranean activities in China in 1916 ultimatum to China, 88-91; China's reply ultimatum, China's indignation at Twenty-four Demands Jehol, mountain palaces of Jung Lu, viceroy of Chihli
And so on North and West of the Yangtsze it is the same story, temperamental differences of the highest political importance being everywhere in evidence and leading to perpetual bickerings and jealousies.
As we have seen from the record of the previous risings, the region of the Yangtsze river has superlative value in Chinese politics.
Its port, Tientsin, was ice-bound from November to March, and the foreign community was therefore completely cut off during the long winter. Neither letters nor papers enlivened la morte saison until the I.G. conceived the idea of arranging a service of overland couriers from Chinkiang, a port on the Yangtsze, to Peking.
Most of these ports welcomed the new order of things; but at one, notably Hankow, difficulties arose, and Hart promptly started to clear them up. At the time of his going both Wuhu and Nanking, two cities on the Yangtsze, were still in the hands of the rebels, and the river-steamer captain warned his passengers that the ship would stop at Wuhu to get her papers from them.
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