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Updated: May 16, 2025
The Souk offers nothing for sale but olive-oil, liquid butter, a little bread, camels' flesh, and now and then a few vegetables. All the Touarick traders have now left, some for Ghat and others for Touat. My Ghadamsee friends cease talking of the dangers of my Soudan trip, and it is a settled thing that I go. Some of them wish me to try a fasting day; "one day, to see how I like it," they tell me.
On the eastern line of The Desert, they do not extend beyond the western limits of the oases of Fezzan, and the southern Tibboo countries. The names of the great sections of the Touaricks, as far as I have been able to learn, are, 1st. The Azghar ازقار of Ghat. 2nd. The Haghar هقار of Touat. 3rd. The Kylouy كيلوي of Aheer. 4th. The Sorghou سرقو of Timbuctoo.
Formerly, indeed, the authority of the Maroquine Sultans over Touat and the south appears to have been more real and effective. Diego de Torres relates that, in his time, the Shereefs maintained a force of ten thousand cavalry in the provinces of Draha, Tafilett and Jaguriri, and Monsieur Mouette counts Touat as one of the provinces of the Empire.
For garden, the Touaricks and people of Touat use جنّة, a word which frequently occurs in the Koran, conveying the highest and purest idea of garden, and which we usually translate "paradise."
His principal connexions are in Touat, and I really think that an European, going with letters from him to one of his Touarghee friends, might make the journey to Timbuctoo in safety.
That he was stopped a couple of days beyond Aghobly, in the oases of Touat, and there wounded, is certain; we have the Major's own account for it. He seems also to have remained a month at Timbuctoo, and wrote a full account of that mysterious city.
Ghat Townsmen great Bigots. Unexpected Meeting with the Sultan. My Targhee Friend's opinion of War. Mode of Baking Bread. Country of Touat. The British Consul is perplexed at his Master being a Lady. Vulgar error of Christians ill-treating Mussulmans in Europe. People teach the Slaves to call me Infidel. Visit to Bel Kasem, and find Khanouhen. The free-thinking of this Prince.
Fez has two annual caravans; one leaves for Central Africa, or Timbuctoo; and another for Mecca, or the caravan of pilgrims. The two great stations and rendezvous points of the African caravan are Tafilett and Touat. The journey from Fez to Timbuctoo occupies about ninety days.
The account of the expedition of the Shereef Mohammed, who penetrated as far as Wadnoun, and which took place more than three centuries ago, as related by Marmol, leaves no doubt of the ancient ambition of the sovereign of Morocco. And although this pretension has now been given up, they still claim sovereignty over the oases of Touat, a month's journey in the Sahara.
"By a little and a little," he said, "we shall take possession of Ghat. We can't do it by force, it would require some thousand men to take it by arms. The Touaricks are all robbers and devils." I asked him if he would not like to occupy Touat. He replied, "No, there's another Sultan there, and another people. Ghat we might take. At Touat we are too near the French, and might quarrel with them.
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