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Updated: May 27, 2025
Custom was king; yet custom was tenacious, irresistible, and as complex in minute details as the etiquette of Spanish kings, or the ritual of the Flamens of Rome. The archaic intricacies and taboos of the customs and regulations of marriage might puzzle a mathematician, and may, when unravelled, explain the less complicated prohibitions of a totemism less antique.
Now that I have read it, he seems to me to have the better logic on his side; and if I do not as yet wholly agree with him, it is because I am not yet certain that both of our theories may not have their proper place in Greek mythology. Greek Totemism I ask if there are traces of it in Greece.
Probably the horror of incest is a derivation from economic and other situations and laws that arose naturally in early society it is a habit hardened into an instinct. +436+. Though exogamy differs from totemism in origin and function, the two are often found associated their conjunction may be said to be the general rule. There are, however, exceptions.
Wherever there are clans, and so long as there is any totemism worthy of the name, this would seem to be the general law. Besides the specific unity, however, provided by the clan, there are wider, and, as it were, more generic unities into which a man is born, in totemic society of the complex type that is found in the actual world of to-day. First, he belongs to a phratry.
Finally, there are traces, in the early history of the ancient civilized peoples, of the form of social organization with which savage totemism is found associated. +518+. It is possible that such facts as these may point to a primitive totemistic stage of ancient civilized society. They occur in lower tribes in cases where totemism does not exist.
Thus it is difficult to prove that the heraldry is the origin of totemism, which is just as likely, or more likely, to have been the origin of savage heraldic crests and quarterings. Mr. Max Muller allows that there may be other origins. Gods and Totems This is a foolish liberty with language.
Above all, the very nature of totemism shows that it took its present shape at a time when men, animals, and plants were conceived of as physically akin; when names were handed on through the female line; when exogamy was the rule of marriage, and when the family theoretically included all persons bearing the same family name, that is, all who claimed kindred with the same plant, animal, or object, whether the persons are really akin or not.
Oxford next avers that 'the earliest form of the Israelite religion was Fetishism or Totemism. This is another example of Stade's logic. Finding, as he believes, names suggestive of Totemism in Simeon, Levi, Rachel, and so on, Stade leaps to the conclusion that Totemism in Israel was prior to anything resembling monotheism.
It would be surprising, therefore, if an animal so striking, and one that has figured so largely in Indian totemism and folk-lore, should not have received attention at the hands of the Mound-Builders. Nothing resembling the toucan, as has been seen, has been found in the mounds; but, as stated, this bird is found in Southern Mexico.
The tendency of men being to claim descent from a God, for each family with this claim a myth of a separate divine amour was needed. Where there had existed Totemism, or belief in kinship with beasts, the myth of the amour of a wolf, bull, serpent, swan, and so forth, was attached to the legend of Zeus. Zeus had been that swan, serpent, wolf, or bull.
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