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Updated: June 6, 2025
Continued dissensions in the Spanish cabinet Ruy Gomez and Alva Conquest of the Netherlands entrusted to the Duke Birth, previous career and character of Alva Organization of the invading army Its march to the provinces Complaints of Duchess Margaret Alva receives deputations on the frontier Interview between the Duke and Egmont Reception of Alva by the Duchess of Parma Circular letters to the cities requiring their acceptance of garrisons Margaret's secret correspondence Universal apprehension Keys of the great cities demanded by Alva Secret plans of the government, arranged before the Duke's departure Arrest of Orange, Egmont, Horn, and others, determined upon Stealthy course of the government towards them Infatuation of Egmont Warnings addressed to him by De Billy and others Measures to entrap Count Horn Banquet of the Grand Prior The Grand Prior's warning to Egmont Evil counsels of Noircarmes Arrests of Egmont, Horn, Bakkerzeel and Straalen Popular consternation Petulant conduct of Duchess Margaret Characteristic comments of Granvelle His secret machinations and disclaimers Berghen and Montigny Last moments of Marquis Berghen Perfidy of Ruy Gomez Establishment of the "Blood-Council" Its leading features Insidious behavior of Viglius Secret correspondence, concerning the President, between Philip and Alva Members of the "Blood-Council" Portraits of Vargas and Hessels Mode of proceeding adopted by the council Wholesale executions Despair in the provinces The resignation of Duchess Margaret accepted Her departure from the Netherlands Renewed civil war in France Death of Montmorency Auxiliary troops sent by Alva to France Erection of Antwerp citadel Description of the citadel.
The Admiral had, moreover, drank the toast of "Vivent leg gueux" on various occasions, at the Culemberg House banquet, at the private table of the Prince of Orange, at a supper at the monastery of Saint Bernard's, at a dinner given by Burgomaster Straalen. He had sanctioned the treaties with the rebels at Duffel, by which he had clearly rendered himself guilty of high treason.
Continued and excessive barbarity of the government Execution of Antony van Straalen, of "Red Rod" Spelle The Prince of Orange advised by his German friends to remain quiet Heroic sentiments of Orange His religious opinions His efforts in favor of toleration His fervent piety His public correspondence with the Emperor His "Justification," his "Warning," and other papers characterized The Prince, with a considerable army, crosses the Rhine Passage of the Meuse at Stochem He offers battle to Alva Determination of the Duke to avoid an engagement Comparison of his present situation with his previous position in Friesland Masterly tactics of the Duke Skirmish on the Geta Defeat of the Orangists Death of Hoogstraaten Junction with Genlis Adherence of Alva to his original plan The Prince crosses the frontier of France Correspondence between Charles IX. and Orange The patriot army disbanded at Strasburg Comments by Granvelle upon the position of the Prince Triumphant attitude of Alva Festivities at Brussels Colossal statue of Alva erected by himself in Antwerp citadel Intercession of the Emperor with Philip Memorial of six Electors to the Emperor Mission of the Archduke Charles to Spain His negotiations with Philip Public and private correspondence between the King and Emperor Duplicity of Maximilian Abrupt conclusion to the intervention Granvelle's suggestions to Philip concerning the treaty of Passau.
At any rate, it is no more than just to hesitate before affixing a damning character to a document, in the absence of any direct proof that there ever was such a document at all. The confessor of Madame de Parma told another person, who told the Cardinal, that either Count Egmont, or Burgomaster Straalen, by command of Count Egmont, wrote to the Prince of Orange thus and so.
Granvelle advised, moreover, that Straalen, who had been privy to the letter, and perhaps the amanuensis, should be forthwith arrested. The Cardinal was determined not to let the matter sleep, notwithstanding his protestation of a kindly feeling towards the imprisoned Count.
Granvelle advised, moreover, that Straalen, who had been privy to the letter, and perhaps the amanuensis, should be forthwith arrested. The Cardinal was determined not to let the matter sleep, notwithstanding his protestation of a kindly feeling towards the imprisoned Count.
They had previously suffered such intense punishment on the rack, that it was necessary to carry them to the scaffold and bind them upon chairs, that they might be beheaded. These four sufferers were a Frisian nobleman, named Galena, the secretaries of Egmont and Horn, Bakkerzeel and La Loo, and the distinguished burgomaster of Antwerp, Antony Van Straalen.
Philip immediately communicated the information thus received to the Duke of Alva, charging him on repeated occasions to find out what was written, either by Egmont or by Straalen, at Egmont's instigation, stating that such a letter was written at the time of the Hoogstraaten baptism, that it would probably illustrate the opinions of Egmont at that period, and that the letter itself, which the confessor of Madame de Parma had once had in his hands, ought, if possible, to be procured.
On this same day, two other important arrests, included and arranged in the same program, had been successfully accomplished. Bakkerzeel, private and confidential secretary of Egmont, and Antony Van Straalen, the rich and influential burgomaster of Antwerp, were taken almost simultaneously.
Philip immediately communicated the information thus received to the Duke of Alva, charging him on repeated occasions to find out what was written, either by Egmont or by Straalen, at Egmont's instigation, stating that such a letter was written at the time of the Hoogstraaten baptism, that it would probably illustrate the opinions of Egmont at that period, and that the letter itself, which the confessor of Madame de Parma had once had in his hands, ought, if possible, to be procured.
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