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*Digestion not a Simple Process.*—Digestion is by no means a simple process, such, for instance, as the dissolving of salt or sugar in water. These, being soluble in water, dissolve at once on being mixed with a sufficient amount of this liquid. The majority of the nutrients, however, are insoluble in water and are unaffected by it when acting alone.
*Storage in the Food Canal.*—Not until three or four hours have elapsed are all the nutrients, eaten at a single meal, digested and passed into the body proper. The undigested food is held in reserve, awaiting digestion, and is only gradually absorbed as this process takes place. It may properly, on this account, be regarded as stored material.
It creates an overall feeling of well-being that can not be created by diet alone. Exercising temporarily makes the heart beat faster, increasing blood circulation throughout the body right out to the tips of your fingers and toes. This short-term elevated flow of blood flow brings increased supplies of oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, facilitating healing and repair.
Its passage through these places, like the movements in all lymph vessels, is slow, and it is only gradually admitted to the blood stream. See text. Route of All the Nutrients except Fat.—Water and salts and the digested proteids and carbohydrates, in passing into the capillaries, mix there with the blood.
If all the digestive processes have been efficient there now are an abundance of soluble nutrients for the blood stream to distribute to hungry cells throughout the body. It is important to understand the process at least on the level of oversimplification just presented in order to begin to understand better how health is lost or regained through eating, digestion, and elimination.
These are necessary for their entrance into the body, for their distribution by the blood and the lymph, and for the purposes which they finally serve. The first of these changes is preparatory to the entrance of the nutrients and is known as digestion. The organs which bring about this change, called digestive organs, have a special construction which adapts them to their work.
*The Simple Foods, or Nutrients.*—From the great variety of things that are eaten, it might appear that many different kinds of substances are suitable for food. When our various animal and vegetable foods are analyzed, however, they are found to be similar in composition and to contain only some five or six kinds of materials that are essentially different.
The advantages of thorough draining are universally recognized, and tiles are for sale everywhere. Mowing and reaping machines have ceased to be a novelty upon our plains and meadows. The natural fertilizers have been analyzed, and artificial nutrients of the soil have been contrived.
Villus showing both the lacteal and the capillaries. 6. Small vein. 7. Layer of epithelial cells. *Work of Capillaries and Lacteals.*—The capillaries and lacteals act as receivers of material as it passes through the layer of epithelial cells covering the mucous membrane. The lacteals take up the digested fats, and the capillaries receive all the other kinds of nutrients.
It is now necessary to become somewhat familiar with the different nutrients and the purposes which they serve in the body. *Proteids.*—The proteids are obtained in part from the animal and in part from the plant kingdom, there being several varieties.
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