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Updated: May 15, 2025
Fascism having denied historical materialism, by which men are only puppets in history, appearing and disappearing on the surface of the tides while in the depths the real directive forces act and labour, it also denies the immutable and irreparable class warfare, which is the natural filiation of such an economistic conception of history: and it denies above all that class warfare is the preponderating agent of social transformation.
XLVI, 1940-41, pp. 455-468. A brief but incisive discussion of the structure of fascism. Lilge, Frederic The Abuse of Learning: The Failure of the German University, N.Y., 1948. A philosophical history of higher education in Germany, concluding with its fascist evolution. Matteotti, Giacomo The Fascist Exposed: A Year of Fascist Domination, London, 1924.
All Italian Fascists should read your discourse and derive from it both the clear formulation of the basic principles of our program as well as the reasons why Fascism must be systematically, firmly, and rationally inflexible in its uncompromising attitude towards other parties. Thus and only thus can the word become flesh and the ideas be turned into deeds. Cordial greetings, MUSSOLINI.
Fascism, in short, is not only a lawgiver and the founder of institutions, but an educator and a promoter of the spiritual life. It aims to rebuild not the forms of human life, but its content, the man, the character, the faith. And for this end it exacts discipline and an authority which descend into and dominates the interior of the spirit without opposition.
And we come finally to a third point. The Fascist system is not a political system, but it has its center of gravity in politics. Fascism came into being to meet serious problems of politics in post-war Italy. And it presents itself as a political method.
We can thus accept and explain institutions and practices, which like the death penalty, are condemned by Liberalism in the name of the preeminence of individualism. The fundamental problem of society in the old doctrines is the question of the rights of individuals. Fascism on the other hand faces squarely the problem of the right of the state and of the duty of individuals.
Democracy therefore turns over the government of the state to the multitude of living men that they may use it to further their own interests; Fascism insists that the government be entrusted to men capable of rising above their own private interests and of realizing the aspirations of the social collectivity, considered in its unity and in its relation to the past and future.
But within the orbit of the State with ordinative functions, the real needs, which give rise to the Socialist movement and to the forming of labour unions, are emphatically recognised by Fascism and are given their full expression in the Corporative System, which conciliates every interest in the unity of the State. Democracy. Individuals form classes according to categories of interests.
I am referring rather to those and there are many in our ranks too who know Fascism as action and feeling but not yet as thought, who therefore have an intuition but no comprehension of it. It is true that Fascism is, above all, action and sentiment and that such it must continue to be.
Dr. Scurla claims that National Socialism and Fascism are the strivings of the German and Italian people for final national unification along essentially different national lines natural to each of them. "What took place in Germany," he asserts, "was a political revolution of a total nature."
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