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Updated: September 6, 2025
The direction north-east to south-west prevails in every part of North America, as in Europe in the Fitchtelgebirge of Franconia, in Taunus, Westerwald, and Eifel; in the Ardennes, the Vosges, in Cotentin, in Scotland and in the Tarentaise at the south-west extremity of the Alps.
Azores. Lower Miocene Volcanic Rocks. Isle of Mull. Staffa and Antrim. The Eifel. Upper and Lower Miocene Volcanic Rocks of Auvergne. Hill of Gergovia. Eocene Volcanic Rocks of Monte Bolca. Trap of Cretaceous Period. Oolitic Period. Triassic Period. Permian Period. Carboniferous Period. Erect Trees buried in Volcanic Ash in the Island of Arran. Old Red Sandstone Period. Silurian Period.
It shows that when some of these volcanoes were in action the valleys had already been eroded to their present depth. The tufaceous alluvium called trass, which has covered large areas in the Eifel, and choked up some valleys now partially re-excavated, is unstratified.
His Lordship commands you, Count Bertrich, to rally your men about you and to hold the infidels in check in the defiles of the Eifel until the Archbishop comes, at the bead of his army, to your relief from Treves." There was deep silence in the vast hall after this startling announcement.
As the volcanic tuff-beds are intermingled with the Upper Tertiary strata, it is inferred that the first outbursts of volcanic forces occurred when the region was still beneath the waters of the ocean. Sometimes these craters have been converted into lakes, as in the case of those of the Eifel; but generally they are dry or have a floor of morass.
The Archbishop of Treves, having had a lesson regarding the dangers of an incursion through the volcanic region of the Eifel, put some hundreds of men at work on this conical hill, and erected on the top a strong castle, which was the wonder of the country.
Those who failed to do so were not allowed to join the rest in begging for eggs from house to house. Where no eggs were given, they drove a wedge into the keyhole of the door. On this day children in the Eifel used also to gather flowers in the fields, weave them into garlands, and throw the garlands on the roofs or hang them on the doors of the houses.
Upper Old Red Sandstone in Scotland, with Fish and Plants. Middle Old Red Sandstone. Classification of the Ichthyolites of the Old Red, and their Relation to Living Types. Lower Old Red Sandstone, with Cephalaspis and Pterygotus. Marine or Devonian Type of Old Red Sandstone. Upper Devonian Rocks and Fossils. Middle. Lower. Eifel Limestone of Germany. Devonian of Russia.
For not only does it give a clear and detailed account of the volcanic phenomena of the Eifel and the Lower Rhine, but it anticipates the principles upon which modern writers account for the formation of river valleys and other physical features; and in working out the physical history of the Rhine valley below Mainz, and its connection with the extinct volcanoes which are found on both banks of that river, he has taken very much the same line of reasoning which was some years afterwards adopted by Sir A. Ramsay when dealing with the same subject.
The Spirifer Sandstone of Sandberger, as exhibited in the rocks bordering the Rhine between Coblentz and Caub, belong to this Lower division, and the same broad-winged Spirifers distinguish the Devonian strata of North America. Homalonotus armatus, Burmeister. Lower Devonian; Daun, in the Eifel; and S. Devon. Obs.
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