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Updated: June 15, 2025
'Have you read the ancient ones? asked Laura. 'I've had nothing else to read. 'Nothing to read but ancient books! exclaimed Amabel, with a mixture of pity and astonishment. 'Sanchoniathon, Manetho, Berosus, and Ocellus Lucanus! said Guy, smiling. 'There, Amy, said Charles, 'if he has the Vicar of Wakefield among his ancient books, you need not pity him.
Before any of these images had been found we already knew from Berosus what the deity was like by whom the first germs of art and letters had been sown upon the earth. He had also the voice of a man, and his images are yet to be found." Anou or Dagon. Nimroud. Why did art, in creating divine types, give such prominence to features borrowed from the lower animals?
In the history of Berosus, there is given an account of Oaunes a mythical teacher of Babylon, who appeared with the head of a human being and the body of a fish or serpent. This personage brought to the Babylonians all the knowledge which they possessed. Oaunes wrote "concerning the generation of mankind, of their different ways of life, and of their civil polity."
This cosmological theory which we may deduce from the fragment of the first tablet of the creation series is confirmed by the accounts that have come down to us chiefly through Damascius of the treatment of the subject by Berosus. Damascius explicitly places the Babylonians among those nations who fail to carry back the universe to an ultimate single source.
Berosus, it must be remembered, represented Pul as a Chaldaean king; and the name itself, which is wholly alien to the ordinary Assyrian type, has at least one counterpart among known Babylonian namies. The time of Pul's invasion may be fixed by combining the Assyrian and the Hebrew chronologies within very narrow limits.
They have been confirmed by the notice of a great eclipse in the eighth year of Asshur-dayan III., which is undoubtedly that of June 15, B.C. 763. Polyhistor, who reports Berosus, has left us statements which are in close accordance, and from which we gather that the exact length of the reign of Asshur-bani-pal over Babylon was twenty-one years.
We cannot doubt that this desire for information arose among the followers of those princes themselves; many of them were very intelligent men; and when Berosus determined to write his history in Greek, he may have wished to answer the questions asked in his hearing by the Greek writers and philosophers; by those Alexandrians who were not all at Alexandria.
SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE. Berosus, a Babylonian priest, wrote a history of his country as early as 250 B.C. He was a trustworthy writer, as far as his means of knowledge went; but it is only fragments of his work that we possess, and these in inaccurate quotations, partly at second hand.
Outside the S.E. wall there is a small crater, and some irregular depressions on the E. The minute central mountain is only seen with difficulty under a low evening sun. The bright region between Hahn and Berosus and the western flank of Cleomedes is an extensive plain, devoid of prominent detail, and which, according to Neison, includes an area of 40,000 square miles.
Rawlinson merely remarks that Berosus places him anterior to B.C. 2234. Haug is inclined to date the Gathas, the oldest songs of the Avesta, as early as the time of Moses. Rapp, after a thorough comparison of ancient writers, concludes that Zoroaster lived B.C. 1200 or 1300. In this he agrees with Duncker, who, as we have seen, decided upon the same date.
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