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The history of the Franks from 638 to 719 is that of conflicts between the great families of Neustria and Austrasia for the position of sole Mayor. At length unity was restored by the triumph of the Austrasian Charles Martel. His father had gained the same position, but it was left for the son to sweep away the last remaining competitors.
So great was the preference given to sacred over profane learning that Christianity had been in existence fifteen hundred years, and had not produced a single astronomer. The Mohammedan nations did much better. Their cultivation of science dates from the capture of Alexandria, A.D. 638. This was only six years after the death of the Prophet.
Prince Rupert, with equal precipitation, drew off the remains of his army, and retired into Lancashire. * Clarendon, vol. v. p. 507, 508. See Warwick. Clarendon, vol. v. p. 511. * Rush. vol. vi. p. 638. Prince Rupert: Whitlocke, p. 88 v Rush. vol. vi. p. 641. While these events passed in the north, the king's affairs in the south were conducted with more success and greater abilities.
I took the trouble to pace out about every kill, and find that antelope in the plains averaged 245 yards; with a maximum of 638 yards, while antelope in covered country averaged 148 yards, with a maximum of 311. It is always interesting to play the other fellow's game his way, and then, in light of experience, to see wherein our way and his way modify each other.
Territorial governments 202,150.00 287,350.00 292,350.00 282,600.00 90,200.00 80,450.00 + 9,750.00 Independent offices 2,638,695.12 2,400,695.12 2,492,695.12 2,128,695.12 + 146,000.00 + 510,000.00 + 364,000.00 District of Columbia 13,602,785.90 11,884,928.49 12,108,878.49 11,440,346.99 + 1,492,907.41 + 2,162,439.91 + 668,532.50
But precisely at this epoch there appeared an enemy far more formidable for the Christians than the sectaries of Zoroaster. In 622 Mahomet founded Islamism; and some years after his death, in 638, the second of the khalifs, his successors, Omar, sent two of his generals, Khaled and Abou-Obeidah, to take Jerusalem. For to the Mussulmans, also, Jerusalem was a holy city.
On the other hand, the census of 1890 shows that the Negro population had increased from 3,950,000 in 1860 to 7,638,260 twenty-five years after the war.
The prophet himself had declared war against the Roman empire, and, at the head of 30,000 men, advanced toward Damascus, but his purpose was frustrated by ill health. His successor Abu-Bekr, the first khalif, attacked both the Romans and the Persians. The invasion of Egypt occurred A.D. 638, the Arabs being invited by the Copts.
After him, from 638 to 732, twelve princes of this line, one named Sigebert, two Clovis, two Childeric, one Clotaire, two Dagobert, one Childebert, one Chilperic, and two Throdoric or Thierry, bore, in Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy, or in the three kingdoms united, the title of king, without deserving in history more than room for their names.
The claims of Amr, or Amrou, to the conquest of Egypt, Pelusium, Memphis, Alexandria, A.D. 638, admit of hardly a doubt; whilst the distinction of Khalid, "the Sword of God," in the Syrian War at the storming of Damascus and in the crushing defeat of Heraclius at the Yermuk, August, A.D. 634, may justly entitle him to the designation if that description can be applied to any one of the devoted band of "Conqueror of Syria."
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