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Updated: June 16, 2025
It would have seemed that real patriots, under such circumstances, would hardly hesitate in their choice, and would sooner accept the dominion of "Beelzebub," or even Paul Buys, than that of Philip II. But the Leicestrians of Utrecht and Friesland patriots as they were hated Holland worse than they hated the Inquisition. Willoughby encouraged them in that hatred.
The great dividing-line between the two parties, that of Leicester and that of Holland, which controlled the action of the States-General, was the question of sovereignty. After the declaration of independence and the repudiation of Philip, to whom did the sovereignty belong? To the people, said the Leicestrians.
Moreover the opponents of the Leicester party complained that the principal use to which this newly discovered "people" had been applied, was to confer its absolute sovereignty unconditionally upon one man. The people was to be sovereign in order that it might immediately abdicate in favour of the Earl. Utrecht, the capital of the Leicestrians, had already been deprived of its constitution.
In the course of the autumn, an attempt was made to play the same game at Amsterdam. A plot was discovered, before it was fairly matured, to seize the magistrates of that important city, to gain possession of the arsenals, and to place the government in the hands of well-known Leicestrians.
Moreover the opponents of the Leicester party complained that the principal use to which this newly discovered "people" had been applied, was to confer its absolute sovereignty unconditionally upon one man. The people was to be sovereign in order that it might immediately abdicate in favour of the Earl. Utrecht, the capital of the Leicestrians, had already been deprived of its constitution.
To this great design all others were now subservient, and it was mainly on account of this determination that there was sufficient leisure in the republic for the Leicestrians and the States-General to fight out so thoroughly their party-contests. From the Death of William the Silent to the Twelve Year's Truce 1609 By John Lothrop Motley
Dangerous Discord in North Holland Leicester's Resignation arrives Enmity of Willoughby and Maurice Willoughby's dark Picture of Affairs Hatred between States and Leicestrians Maurice's Answer to the Queen's Charges End of Sonoy's Rebellion Philip foments the Civil War in France League's Threats and Plots against Henry Mucio arrives in Paris He is received with Enthusiasm The King flies, and Spain triumphs in Paris States expostulate with the Queen English Statesmen still deceived Deputies from Netherland Churches Hold Conference with the Queen And present long Memorials More Conversations with the Queen National Spirit of England and Holland Dissatisfaction with Queen's Course Bitter Complaints of Lord Howard Want of Preparation in Army and Navy Sanguine Statements of Leicester Activity of Parma The painful Suspense continues.
Eight days long, with scarcely an intermission, amid those sepulchral vaults, dimly-lighted with torches, Dutchmen, Englishmen, Spaniards, Italians, fought hand to hand, with pike, pistol, and dagger, within the bowels of the earth. Meantime the operations of the States were not commendable. The ineradicable jealousy between the Leicestrians and the Barneveldians had done its work.
To this all parties agreed. The Leicestrians, the anti-Leicestriana, the Holland party, the Utrecht party, the English counsellors, the English generals, in private letter, in solemn act, all warned the Queen against the lamentable effects resulting from Leicester's inopportune departure and prolonged absence.
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