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Updated: May 11, 2025
After Marius had cut a canal, matters were better. Ships could come up through the lagoons to Arles, but none at any time of deep draught, and the raftsmen, the utriculares, carried on their trade till the Middle Ages, when the mouths of the lagoons became choked, and the lagoons themselves turned into noxious morasses. Here is one of their monuments, in the museum of Arles: "To the manes.
Difficulty of finding one's way about in Arles The two inns The mistral The charm of Arles is in the past A dead city Situation of Arles on a nodule of limestone The Elysian Fields A burial-place for the submerged neighbourhood The Alyscamp now in process of destruction Expropriation of ancient tombs Avenue of tombs Old church of S. Honore S. Trophimus S. Virgilius Augustine, apostle of the English, consecrated by him The Flying Dutchman Tomb of AElia Of Julia Tyranna Her musical instruments Monument of Calpurnia Her probable story Mathematical versus classic studies Tombs of utriculares Christian sarcophagi Probably older than the date usually attributed to them A French author on the wreckage of the Elysian Fields.
"To the manes and eternal repose of Caius Victorinus ... urix, also called Quiguro, citizen of Lyons, one of the corporation of utriculares there, who lived twenty-eight years,... months and five days, without giving offence to anyone. His mother, Castorina, raised this to the memory of her sole and very dear boy."
Out of the lagoons, however, rose islets of limestone rock; of these there are two, Cordes and Montmajeur, but there were also formerly a number of smaller tofts standing above the water, but not always rocky, forming an archipelago, and were covered with the cottages of fishermen and utriculares, and farmers who cultivated vines and olives on the slopes above the reach of the water.
They appointed noble Romans as their patrons, and these patrons on their tombstones made mention of the fact. But what were these utriculares? They were raftsmen who carried on trade over the lagoons, sustaining their flat vessels upon distended skins.
I have made it because I think, should my reader be a father, this experience of mine may be of profit to him. To return to the monuments of the Elysian Fields. A considerable number have been found here, also at Nimes, S. Gabriel, and Cavaillon, which are the memorials of utriculares. There were guilds of these men.
To Marcus Junius Messianus, of the guild of the utriculares of Arles, four times president of this corpora Junia Valeria raised this monument to him, her son, who died aged twenty-eight years, five months, and ten days." Here is another, found near Lyons:
It is true that to the south of Nimes was lagoon and marsh, with islets and strips of dry land scattered about among the tracts of water, all the way to the sea, but one hardly supposes such a lighthouse would have been raised to guide the utriculares on their skin-sustained rafts. Yet for what other purpose it can have been raised it is hard to imagine.
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