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Updated: June 21, 2025
This dogma continued in force for more than a quarter of a century, in spite of the discovery in 1818 of a marsupial quadruped in the Stonesfield strata, a member of the Lower Oolite, near Oxford. Some disputed the authority of Cuvier himself as to the mammalian character of the fossil; others, the accuracy of those who had assigned to it so ancient a place in the chronological series of rocks.
Portland stone and sand. c. Kimmeridge clay. MIDDLE OOLITE: d. Coral rag. e. Oxford clay, and Kelloway rock. LOWER OOLITE: f. Cornbrash and Forest marble. g. Great Oolite and Stonesfield slate. h. Fuller's earth. i. Inferior Oolite.
So far as the imperfect materials which exist enable a judgment to be formed, the same law appears to have held good for all the earlier Mesozoic Mammalia. Of the Stonesfield slate mammals, one, Amphitherium, has a definitely Australian character; one, Phascolotherium, may be either Dasyurid or Didelphine; of a third, Stereognathus, nothing can at present be said.
There is a limestone formation near Oxford, at a place called Stonesfield, which has yielded the remains of certain very interesting mammalian animals, and up to this time, if I recollect rightly, there have been found seven specimens of its lower jaws, and not a bit of anything else, neither limb-bones nor skull, nor any part whatever; not a fragment of the whole system!
The jaw would thus be deposited immediately, while the rest of the body would float and drift away altogether, ultimately reaching the sea, and perhaps becoming destroyed. The jaw becomes covered up and preserved in the river silt, and thus it comes that we have such a curious circumstance as that of the lower jaws in the Stonesfield slates.
Gault: 0. Wealden: 0. Upper Purbeck Oolite : 0. Middle Purbeck Oolite : 14 Swanage. Lower Purbeck Oolite: 0. Portland Oolite: 0. Kimmeridge Clay: 0. Coral Rag: 0. Oxford Clay: 0. Great Oolite: 4 Stonesfield. Inferior Oolite: 0. Lias: 0. Upper Trias: 4 Wurtemberg, Somersetshire. N. Carolina. Middle Trias: 0. Lower Trias: 0. Permian: 0. Carboniferous : 0. Devonian: 0. Silurian: 0. Cambrian: 0.
Secondly, how can we lay them so in every part of our building? A. How do they lie in the quarry? Level, perhaps, at Stonesfield and Coventry; but at an angle of 45 deg. at Carrara; and for aught I know, of deg. in Paros or Pentelicus. Also, the bedding is of prime importance at Coventry, but the cleavage at Coniston.
The Collyweston beds, on the whole, assume a much more marine character than the Stonesfield slate. Hemitelites Brownii, Goepp. Syn. Phlebopteris contigua, Lind. and Hutt. Lower carbonaceous strata, Inferior Oolite shales.
Elytron of Buprestis? The slate of Stonesfield has been shown by Mr. Lonsdale to lie at the base of the Great Oolite. It contains some pebbles of a rock very similar to itself, and which may be portions of the deposit, broken up on a shore at low water or during storms, and redeposited.
Right ramus of lower jaw. Natural size. Part of lower jaw of Tupaia tana. Twice natural size. Part of lower jaw of Didelphys Azarae; recent, Brazil. Natural size. Amphitherium Prevostii, Cuvier sp. Stonesfield Slate. Syn. Thylacotherium Prevostii, Valenc. a. Coronoid process. b. Condyle. c. Angle of jaw. d. Amphitheriumm Broderipii, Owen. Natural size.
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