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Updated: June 18, 2025
The name "ammonia" is said to have been derived from the fact that it was first obtained by the Arabs near the temple of Jupiter Ammon, in Lybia, North Africa, from the excrement of camels, in the form of sal-ammoniac. There are always traces of it in the atmosphere, especially in the vicinity of large towns and manufactories where large quantities of coal are burned.
It will be as durable as stone. Take of spirits of wine 1/2 pint, turpentine 1/2 pint, crude sal-ammoniac 1 oz; mix all together and let it saturate for seven days, and it is ready for use.
Cure before it breaks, run a rowel or seaton from the lower part of the top through the centre of the enlargement, then make the following lotion. Take of sal-ammoniac 2 oz., spirts of turpentine 1/2 a pint, linseed oil 4 oz., and spirits of tar 4 oz., shake well, and apply it all over the swelling every other day.
The hardness of a zinc surface is a matter of some importance. With this object in view aluminium has been added from a separate crucible to the molten zinc at the moment of dipping the article to be zinced, so as to form a compound surface of zinco-aluminium, and to reduce the ashes formed from the protective coverings of sal-ammoniac, fat, glycerine, etc.
Castings coated with acid zinc rust comparatively quickly, even when the porosity has been reduced by oxidation, aggravated no doubt by some of the corroding agents sal-ammoniac, for instance being forced into the pores of the metal.
Amongst these, of course, ammonia stands in the first rank, the others being comparatively unimportant. Thus: Sulphate of ammonia + lime = plaster of Paris + ammonia. or, Sal-ammoniac + lime = chloride of lime + ammonia. Ammonia itself is a most powerful gas, and acts rapidly upon the eyes. It has a stimulating effect upon the nerves.
OINTMENT OF SULPHUR. This is the safest and best application for the itch, and will have no disagreeable smell, if made in the following manner. Take four ounces of fresh lard, an ounce and a half of flour of sulphur, two drams of crude sal-ammoniac, and ten or a dozen drops of lemon essence. When made into an ointment, rub it on the parts affected.
Lemon and orange peel will dry remarkably well in the same manner. GARGLES. Common gargles may be made of figs boiled in milk and water, with a little sal-ammoniac; or sage-tea, with honey and vinegar mixed together. A sore throat may be gargled with it two or three times a day.
To obviate any tendency of the paint to peel off from the zinc surface, as it generally manifests a disposition to do, it is recommended to coat all the zinc surfaces, previous to painting them, with the following compound: 1 part chloride of copper, 1 part nitrate of copper, 1 part sal-ammoniac, dissolved in 61 parts of water, and then add 1 part commercial hydrochloric acid.
Paper bound round an iron tube is not affected till the temperature exceeds 400°; from 420° to 444° it becomes brown or slightly singed; sulphur does not inflame below 540°. Painting on zinc or galvanized iron is facilitated by employing a mordant of 1 quart of chloride of copper, 1 of nitrate of copper, and 1 of sal-ammoniac, dissolved in 64 parts of water.
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