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Updated: May 9, 2025
At the same time, it provides an example of the way in which general technique developed by the industry was rapidly used to master the new process. In particular their method of lining reaction vessels was of value here. The reaction occurs in two stages by the production of methyl formate and its subsequent chlorination.
Pabst proved this by letting methyl sulphuric acid act upon a mixture of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol. He obtained by this process acetate of methyl and ethyl sulphuric acid. By the continued action of ethyl alcohol and acetic acid upon this mixture, of course, acetate of ethyl was formed. At the conclusion of the operation there was no longer any methyl sulphuric acid present in the liquid.
Dyestuffs include, by definition, all the coal-tar dyes, colours, and colouring matter, and all organic intermediate products used in the manufacture of these the last category including a large number of chemicals such as formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, and methyl alcohol.
In the reds are rosanilines, toluidine xylidine, &c.; in the blues phenyl-rosanilines, diphenylamine, toluidine, aldehyde, &c.; violets rosaniline, mauve, phenyl, ethyl, methyl, &c.; greens iodine, aniline, leucaniline, chrysotoluidine, aldehyde, toluidine, methyl-anilinine, &c.; yellows and orange leucaniline, phenylamine, &c.; browns chrysotoluidine, &c.; blacks aniline, toluidine, &c.
The formation of a series of alkaloids under the name of codeines, by the substitution of other organic radicals instead of methyl in the codeine reaction, has already been alluded to. Atropine can be formed by uniting tropine and tropic acid, the two decomposition products already noted.
Caffeine and theobromine have also quite different relations. Caffeine, it will be remembered, is the methyl ester of theobromine, and can be prepared from it. When caffeine is carefully oxidized with chlorine, it yields dimethyl-alloxan and methyl-urea. Both theobromine and caffeine are decomposed by heating to 240° C. in sealed tubes with hydrochloric acid, identical products being obtained.
"To break it down," said Calhoun bitterly, "I need aromatic olefines and some acetone, and acetic-acid radicals and methyl submolecular groups. To destroy it absolutely I need available unsaturated hydrocarbons they'll be gases! And it has to be kept from reforming as it's broken up, and I may need twenty different organic radicals available at the same time!
Sample II. On titrating with standard acid, it required 15.26 cc. for a change in color, using phenolphthalein, and 17.90 cc. additional, using methyl orange as an indicator. Sample III. The sample was titrated with hydrochloric acid until the pink of phenolphthalein disappeared, and on the addition of methyl orange the solution was colored pink.
Rick thought he remembered it, too. "We'll look up methyl chloride in the dictionary," he promised. "That will tell us if it has an odor." The mine took a sharp turn. "They lost the vein here and had to chew out some rock to find it again," Rick pointed out. "Notice everything is on one level? Must have been just one vein. It ran out and the mine closed down." "Looks that way," Scotty agreed.
"He must place the projector right on the tunnel floor, tilted upward to shine through the port. That's why the ghost was so tall. It hit the mist at an angle." Rick bent over the port. "Not hard to smack us in the eyes with methyl chloride from here, either. There we were, on our knees, faces in good range. And I'll bet he chuckled while he was doing it. Simple weapon, too. A water pistol.
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