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Updated: June 5, 2025


The auditory canal is a little more than an inch in length and one fourth of an inch in diameter, and is closed at its inner end by a thin, but important membrane, called *The Membrana Tympani.*—This membrane consists of three thin layers.

Extending across the middle ear and connecting with the membrana tympani on one side, and with a membrane closing a small passage to the internal ear on the other, is a tiny bridge formed of three small bones. Where the malleus joins the membrane is a small muscle whose contraction has the effect of tightening the membrane.

If a charm was wanted, as by Ovid’s Medea, to prolong life, all long-lived animals, or what were esteemed such, were collected and brewed into a broth: nec defuit illic Squamea Cinyphii tenuis membrana chelydri Vivacisque jecur cervi: quibus insuper addit Ora caputque novem cornicis sæcula passæ.

In the second place, the middle ear provides a means for concentrating the force of the sound waves as they pass from the membrana tympani to the internal ear. This concentration is effected in the following manner: 1.

The apparent squinting of the eye in distemper is caused by the probably unequal protrusion of the membrana nictitans over a portion of the eye at the inner canthus, in order to protect it from the light.

The "oblong marrow"; that portion of the brain which lies upon the basilar process of the occipital bone. Meibomian. A term applied to the small glands between the conjunctiva and tarsal cartilages, discovered by Meibomius. Membrana Tympani. Literally, the membrane of the drum; a delicate partition separating the outer from the middle ear; it is sometimes popularly called "the drum of the ear."

Anatomists speak of an outer or external ear, a middle ear, drum, or tympanum, and an inner ear, or labyrinth. The external, middle, and internal ear are separated by dotted lines. Into it opens 5, Eustachian tube, leading from back of throat; 4, membrana tympani or drum-head, closing the middle ear off from the external ear.

*How We Hear.*—The sound waves which originate in vibrating bodies are transmitted by the air to the external ear. Passing through the auditory canal, the waves strike against the membrana tympani, setting it into vibration. From here the vibrations pass through the channels of the cochlea and set into vibration the contents of the scala media and different portions of the basilar membrane.

The Eustachian tube admits air freely to the middle ear, providing in this way for an equality of atmospheric pressure on the two sides of the drum membrane. The bridge of bones and the air in the middle ear receive vibrations from the membrana tympani and communicate them to the membrane of the internal ear. *Purposes of the Middle Ear. *—The middle ear serves two important purposes.

At nine months, length of child 18 to 22 inches; weight, 7 to 8 pounds; skin rosy; lanugo only about shoulders; sebaceous matter on the body; hair on head about an inch long; testes past inguinal ring; clitoris covered by the labia; membrana pupillaris disappeared; nails reach to ends of fingers; meconium at termination of large intestine; points of ossification in centre of cartilage at lower end of femur, about 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 lines in diameter; umbilicus midway between the ensiform cartilage and pubis.

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