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Updated: May 3, 2025
Jerdon, Dr., on birds dreaming; on the pugnacity of the male bulbul; on the pugnacity of the male Ortygornis gularis; on the spurs of Galloperdix; on the habits of Lobivanellus; on the spoonbill; on the drumming of the Kalij-pheasant; on Indian bustards; on Otis bengalensis; on the ear-tufts of Sypheotides auritus; on the double moults of certain birds; on the moulting of the honeysuckers; on the moulting of bustards, plovers, and drongos; on the spring change of colour in some finches; on display in male birds; on the display of the under-tail coverts by the male bulbul; on the Indian honey-buzzard; on sexual differences in the colour of the eyes of hornbills; on the markings of the Tragopan pheasant; on the nidification of the Orioles; on the nidification of the hornbills; on the Sultan yellow-tit; on Palaeornis javanicus; on the immature plumage of birds; on representative species of birds; on the habits of Turnix; on the continued increase of beauty of the peacock; on coloration in the genus Palaeornis.
Americ.: Birds, pp. 343 and 359; Major W. Ross King, 'The Sportsman in Canada, 1866, p. 156; Mr. Haymond, in Prof. Cox's 'Geol. Survey of Indiana, p. 227; Audubon, 'American Ornitholog. Biograph. vol. i. p. 216. On the Kalij-pheasant, Jerdon, 'Birds of India, vol. iii. p. 533. On the Weavers, Livingstone's 'Expedition to the Zambesi, 1865, p. 425.
We have in England instances in the kingfisher, some woodpeckers, the jay, magpie, crow, and many small dull- coloured birds, such as the hedge-warbler or kitty-wren. But the similarity in plumage between the young and the old is never complete, and graduates away into dissimilarity. Jerdon, 'Birds of India, vol. i. pp. 222, 228. Audubon, 'Ornith.
As has been stated already, most, if not all, birds that go about in flocks in wooded country continually utter a call note, as it is by this means that the members of the flock keep together. Jerdon states that the food of the liothrix consists of "berries, fruit, seeds, and insects."
It appears at first sight a surprising circumstance that some closely- allied species should regularly undergo a double annual moult, and others only a single one. On the moulting of the ptarmigan, see Gould's 'Birds of Great Britain. On the honey-suckers, Jerdon, 'Birds of India, vol. i. pp. 359, 365, 369.
The belief that in the present class the male alone has been modified, as far as the differences between the male and the female together with her young are concerned, is strongly supported by some remarkable facts recorded by Mr. See his admirable paper in the 'Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, vol. xix. 1850, p. 223; see also Jerdon, 'Birds of India, vol. i. introduction, p. xxix.
C.A. Wright, in 'Ibis, vol. vi. 1864, p. 65. Jerdon, 'Birds of India, vol. i. p. 515.
In Jerdon's "Mammals of India" it is stated that in Nepaul the wild dogs, whose urine is said to be peculiarly acrid, sprinkle it over bushes through which an animal will probably move with the view of blinding their victim. Jerdon certainly disbelieves the native story of their capturing their prey through the acridity of their urine.
The South Indian bird occurs only in Ceylon and the hills of South-west India; hence Jerdon called this species the Nilgiri or Ghaut black bulbul. Men of science in their wisdom have given the Himalayan bird the sibilant name of Hypsipetes psaroides. The inelegance of the appellation perhaps explains why the bird has been permitted to retain it for quite a long while unchanged.
In order to ascertain to what extent each rule prevails, I have tabulated the facts given in four great works, namely, by Macgillivray on the birds of Britain, Audubon on those of North America, Jerdon on those of India, and Gould on those of Australia.
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