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Updated: May 6, 2025
The only critical list of hieroglyphics with their powers published recently is that of Erman, printed in his "Grammar." In the case of an altogether different system of ancient writing that has come down to us, the old cuneiform syllabary of the Assyrians, dictionaries, glossaries, and other works of a grammatical character have been preserved to the present day.
They give the original hieratic text, with translation into Egyptian hieroglyphics, into Latin and into German. Doctor Erman has not, however, confined his labours to this strictly scholarly type of work, but has also written a distinctly popular book on the life of the ancient Egyptians, which is the most complete work that has appeared since the writings of Wilkinson.
It is a question of Egyptian chronology in which I beg to differ radically both from Eduard Meyer and Professor Erman. In the formal calendar year of three hundred and sixty-five days, there are twelve months of thirty days and five intercalary days. These intercalary days are called the birthdays of Osiris, Horus, Seth, Isis, and Nephthys the five most important figures in the Osiris myth.
Erman points out that the modern Egyptian even of this day holds closely to many of the practices of his remote ancestor. In particular, the efficacy of the beetle as a medicinal agent has stood the test of ages of practice.
Budge in England; and Brugsch Pasha and Professor Erman in Germany, not to mention a large coterie of somewhat less familiar names.
Until Professor Petrie* published his "Medum," and Professor Erman his "Grammar," no important work on Egyptian hieroglyphic writing had appeared in recent years.
This remarkable document, to which he devoted so much labour, is our chief source of information regarding the practice of medicine as it existed, and would alone keep the name of Ebers alive among Egyptologists. The leading German Egyptologist of to-day is Dr. Adolf Erman, who was born at Berlin in 1854.
Finally, we are told by Professor Erman that between the legs of mummies "there sometimes lies a figure of Osiris made of slime; it is filled with grains of corn, the sprouting of which is intended to signify the resurrection of the god."
In the later times, at any rate, the physician was usually a priest, and there was a close association between the material and spiritual phases of therapeutics. Erman tells us that the following formula had to be recited at the preparation of all medicaments: "That Isis might make free, make free.
Professor Curtius in the address draws the outlines of Moltke's character as a student, and explains how he is indebted to the teachings of Karl Ritter, the founder of scientific geography, how he clearly develops under the influence of Niebuhr, Alexander von Humboldt, Leopold von Buch, and Erman, the physicist.
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