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Updated: May 23, 2025
We find at an early stage a considerable growth of the small intestine; it is thus forced to coil itself in a number of loops. From the duodenum are developed the two large glands that we have already mentioned the liver and pancreas. In the higher Vertebrates they soon blend more or less completely to form a single large organ. The growth of the liver is very brisk at first.
The first eight or ten inches form a short curve, known as the duodenum. The upper two fifths of the remainder is called the jejunum, and the lower three fifths is known as the ileum. This is known as the ileo-cæcal valve. The mucous membrane of the small intestine is richly supplied with blood vessels and contains glands that secrete a digestive fluid known as the intestinal juice.
"There's no other way," I said to myself. "Either you forget your religion and your miserable cowardice and get cut up, or it's you for the Golden Shore." So I set my teeth and journeyed to White Springs, and the Brothers had a look at my duodenum. They saw that the darned thing wouldn't do, so they sidetracked it and made a noo route for my noo-trition traffic.
I woke, gasping, to find the winter morning struggling through the cracked rafters, and to hear Blenkiron say cheerily that his duodenum had behaved all night like a gentleman. I lay still for a bit trying to fix the dream, but it all dissolved into haze except the picture of the little hill, which was quite clear in every detail.
By their means the little bag by the liver is made aware in the twinkling of an eye of the entrance of the chyme into the duodenum, and forthwith the bile returns for some distance by the canal which brought it, and then branches off into a larger one which opens into the duodenum.
The food, having been converted into chyme by the digestive power of the stomach, soon undergoes another and very important change. It, or a portion of it, is converted into chyle. It is mixed with the bile and a secretion from the pancreas in the duodenum.
When the different juices have all done their work, the chyme, which is food as it passes from the stomach into the duodenum or passage to the lower stomach or bowels, becomes a milky substance called chyle, which moves slowly, pushed by numberless muscles along the bowel, which squeeze much of it into little glands at the back of the bowels.
The internal coat of the stomach and duodenum, especially about the orifices of the former, was prodigiously inflamed and excoriated. The redness of the white of the eye in a violent inflammation of that part, or rather the white of the eye just brushed and bleeding with the beards of barley, may serve to give some idea how this coat had been wounded.
Not only has little been added to the catalogue of parts, but some things long known had become half-forgotten. Louis and others confounded the solitary glands of the lower part of the small intestine with those which "the great Brunner," as Haller calls him, described in 1687 as being found in the duodenum. The display of the fibrous structure of the brain seemed a novelty as shown by Spurzheim.
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