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The unfailing strength of rowers was needed in order to meet and stem the force of the currents; and this strength being provided in abundance, it was not thought necessary to husband it or eke it out by the addition of a second motive power. In the Assyrian biremes the oars of the lower tier were worked through holes in the vessel's sides.
Earliest navigation by means of rafts and canoes Model of a very primitive boat Phoenician vessel of the time of Sargon Phoenician biremes in the time of Sennacherib Phoenician pleasure vessels and merchant ships Superiority of the Phoenician war-galleys Excellence of the arrangements Pataeci Early navigation cautious Increasing boldness Furthest ventures Extent of the Phoenician land commerce Witness of Ezekiel Wares imported Caravans Description of the land trade Sea trade of Phoenicia 1.
The ships of the ancient Greeks and Romans were divided into various classes, according to the number of "ranks" or "banks," that is, rows, of oars. Monoremes contained one bank of oars; biremes, two banks; triremes, three; quadriremes, four; quinqueremes, five; and so on.
Biremes were ere long superseded by triremes, or vessels with three banks of oars, which are said to have been invented at Corinth, but which came into use among the Phoenicians before the end of the sixth century B.C. In the third century B.C. the Carthaginians employed in war quadriremes, and even quinqueremes; but there is no evidence of the employment of either class of vessel by the Phoenicians of Phoenicia Proper.
"Why, we fellers out in Texas as never traveled don't know nuthin', so ter speak; nuthin' 'bout the world outside, I mean. We useter think Texas wur almighty big. Tain't nuthin'." Then after a pause he spoke again, and his next question was: "What did yo' call them ships thet ther old fellers sailed?" "They had many names. There were Galleys, Biremes, Triremes.
With whole squadrons of their swift-sailing biremes, the veil-known "Liburnian" cutters, the Illyrians waged war by sea and along the coasts against all and sundry.
One would imagine, it was with this view they instituted their naumachia, or naval engagements, performed by half a dozen small gallies of a side in an artificial basin of fresh water. These gallies I suppose were not so large as common fishing-smacks, for they were moved by two, three, and four oars of a side according to their different rates, biremes, triremes, and quadriremes.
It was now the depth of winter, but still he set sail with three Greek piratical ships, and the same number of Rhodian biremes, exposing himself to a wide sea and to hostile vessels, which, owing to their having the superiority, were cruising about in great numbers and in all directions.
Various little statues corroded by the salt sea inspired in the boy as much admiration as his grandfather's frigates. He laughed and trembled before these Cabiri coming from the Phoenician or Carthaginian biremes, grotesque and terrible gods that contracted their faces with grimaces of lust and ferocity. Some of these muscular and bearded marine divinities bore a remote resemblance to his uncle.
There were quite sixty galleys in the squadron, all well manned and supplied. A few were biremes, the rest stout triremes. A Greek was in command, and the pilots, said to be familiar with all the Eastern seas, were Greek. The plunder had been incalculable. The panic, consequently, was not on the sea alone; cities, with closed gates, sent their people nightly to the walls.
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