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Updated: June 4, 2025
The early success of the Spanish resistance to France, and other events in the peninsula hereafter to be recorded, encouraged Austria to arm again; and on the news of the capitulation of the French army at Baylen in July, she pushed forward her preparations with redoubled energy.
Insurrection of the Spaniards and Portuguese Their Alliance with England Battle of Riosecco Joseph enters Madrid First Siege of Zaragossa Dupont's March into Andalusia The Battle of Baylen Dupont Surrenders Joseph quits Madrid Situation of Junot Arrival of Sir Arthur Wellesley Battle of Roriça Battle of Vimiero Convention of Cintra.
The negotiations had commenced. General Castanos marched on Baylen. The enthusiasm and triumph of the Spaniards did not give him time to arrive there. The general of engineers, Marescot, had been charged with the sad duty of treating with the Spaniards.
That Prince had been proclaimed on the 8th of June; and on the 21st of the same month he made his entry into Madrid, but having received, ten days after, information of the disaster at Baylen, he was obliged to leave the Spanish capital.
Speaking of the capitulation of Baylen, at a full meeting of the Council of State, his voice trembles, and "he gives way to his grief, his eyes even filling with tears." In 1806, setting out for the army and on taking leave of Josephine, he has a nervous attack which is so severe as to bring on vomiting.
Castanos, who received the title of Duke de Baylen, and is compared by the Spaniards to Wellington, died about three months ago. The battle-field I passed in the night; the palm-tree I found, but it is now a mere stump, the leaves having been stripped off to protect the houses of the inhabitants from lightning. Our posada had one of them hung at the window.
The New Rôle of Spain Guerrilla Warfare The French Cowed The Capitulation of Baylen The French Retreat from Spain and Portugal Complaints of King Joseph Napoleon's Exasperation Imperialist Sentiment in France The Emperor's Determination The Spirit of Prussia The Work of Stein The Revolution in Turkey Austria's Anxieties War Feeling at Vienna Napoleon Turns to the Czar Alexander's Hesitancy Napoleon's Misrepresentations Austria Warned Talleyrand and the Czar Napoleon's Allocution at St.
On May 2 occurred the rising in Madrid, consequent upon Napoleon's removal of the Spanish Royal Family; and on July 21 followed the surrender of Dupont's corps at Baylen. Already, on July 4, the British Government had stopped all hostilities against Spain, and withdrawn the blockade of all Spanish ports, except such as might still be in French control.
At last, the diligence came, and at three P.M., when I ought to have been in sight of Granada, I left the forlorn walls of Baylen. My fellow-passengers were a young sprig of the Spanish nobility and three chubby-faced nuns. The rest of the journey that afternoon was through a wide, hilly region, entirely bare of trees and habitations, and but partially cultivated.
He served in the Spanish army for more than twenty years, and won promotion as well as special distinction for bravery. In the battle of Baylen, where a detachment of Napoleon's disciplined troops was beaten by an army of recruits inspired by patriotism, San Martin, then a captain, won a gold medal and a commission as lieutenant-colonel for his conduct.
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