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Updated: June 28, 2025


When Ben-hadad exacted all he possessed his wealth, his wives, his children he acceded to his demands regarding everything except the Torah; that he refused peremptorily to surrender. In the war that followed between himself and the Syrians, he was so indignant at the presumptuousness of the Aramean upstart that he himself saddled his warhorse for the battle.

He wore it for two months and twelve days, and then abdicated in favour of a certain Ukinzir, an Aramean chief. But Tiglath-pileser gave the new dynasty no time to settle itself firmly on the throne. The year after his return from Syria he marched against it. After two years of fighting Ukinzir was overcome and captured.

Sanscrit : Surya, aryama, mitra, aditya, arka, hamsa : Tschandra, tschandrama, soma, masi. Persian : Chor, chorschid, afitab : Mah. Zend : Houere. Pehlvi : Schemschia, zabzoba, kokma : Kokma. Phoenician : Schemesih. Hebrew : Schemesch : Yarea. Aramean or Chaldean : Schimscha : Yarha. Syrian : Schemscho : Yarho. Arabic : Schams : Kamar. Ethiopian : Tzabay : Warha.

His biographers make him cite translations in the Aramean language. Nevertheless, it would be a great error to imagine that Jesus was what we should call an ignorant man. Refinement of manners and acuteness of intellect have, in the East, nothing in common with what we call education. In all probability Jesus did not know Greek. His mother tongue was the Syrian dialect, mingled with Hebrew.

These combined and highly developed characteristics of mind and nature at least suggest why the Semites have furnished the greatest prophets and prophet nations for the moulding of the faith of the world. In contrast with contemporary Semitic nations, and especially the highly civilized Babylonians, the Hebrews were fortunate in their immediate inheritances through Arabian or Aramean ancestors.

Among the more apparent signs of decay were several revolts: that of Hadad the Edomite, who threw off the Hebrew part of Edom independently: that of Adad, the Midianite, who defiled the authority of Solomon; that of Rezon, the Aramean, who revolted and became master of Damascus around which grew up an important kingdom; that of Jeroboam, an Ephraimite, who was an officer of Solomon at Jerusalem and while unsuccessful showed the existence of a deep-seated discontent in Jerusalem itself.

The Aramean general indulged in the belief that David would treat the Syrians gently on account of the monument, still in existence at that time, which Jacob and Laban had erected on the frontier between Palestine and Aram as a sign of their covenant that neither they nor their descendants should wage war with each other. But David destroyed the monument.

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