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Updated: May 13, 2025
Pending my monograph upon what little I had time to learn of their interesting habits and customs, the curious will find instruction and entertainment in Brandes and Schvenichen's Brutpfleige der Schwanzlosen Bat rachier, p. 395; and Lilian V. Sampson's Unusual Modes of Breeding among Anura, Amer. Nat. xxxiv., 1900.
But what we see here in the development of the individual has happened to the whole class in the course of its stem-history. The metamorphosis goes farther in a third order of Amphibia, the Batrachia or Anura, than in the salamander. To this belong the various kinds of toads, ringed snakes, water-frogs, tree-frogs, etc.
The genus Anura may be readily recognized by the mouth ending in an acutely conical beak, with its end quite free from the head and hanging down beneath it. The body is short and broad, much tuberculated, while the antennæ are short and pointed, and the legs are much shorter than in Lipura, not reaching more than a third of their length beyond the body.
It is evident that the violent shocks of the galloping or leaping movement do not occur in Birds, Reptiles, or Amphibia. Ostriches run very fast and do not fly, but their progression is a stride with each foot alternately, not a gallop. The Anura among the Amphibia are saltatory, but their leaps are usually single, or repeated only a few times, not sustained gallops.
Ants, large size of the cerebral ganglia in; soldier, large jaws of; playing together; memory in; intercommunication of, by means of the antennae; habits of; difference of the sexes in; recognition of each other by, after separation. Ants White, habits of. Anura. Apatania muliebris, male unknown. Apathus, difference of the sexes in. Apatura Iris.
The three remaining genera, Lipura, Anurida and Anura, are placed in the "family" Lipuridæ, which have no spring. Our common white Lipura is the European L. fimetaria Linn. The site of the spring is indicated by an oval scar. It is regarded the same as the European species by Lubbock, to whom I had sent specimens for comparison.
During a mild December, they may be found in abundance under sticks and stones, even in situations so far north as Salem, Mass. The segments are inclined to be of unequal size, the prothoracic ring sometimes becoming almost obsolete, and some of the abdominal rings are much smaller than others; while in Lipura and Anura, the lowest forms of the group, the segments are all much alike in size.
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