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Clerk: Naval Tactics. Jurien de la Gravière: Guerres Maritimes. Mahon: History of England. Mahon: History of England. For these, see Troude: Batailles Navales. See Plate VIII. Troude: Batailles Navales de la France. Lapeyrouse-Bonfils. Mahon: History of England. Campbell: Lives of the Admirals. Mahon: History of England. Martin: History of France. Martin: History of France.
Others of the condemned men bore fair characters; and even Richard Norris, who absconded to avoid trial, had been of respectable repute. Troude: Batailles Navales de la France
But, notwithstanding the bad state of his masts, Captain Troude approached within musket-shot of the British ship, the Pompée, which, having lost her mast, after an engagement of an hour and a half, made haste to get away, being taken in tow by a frigate.
Rodney's Life, vol. ii. p. 242. Chevalier, p. 311. Kerguelen: Guerre Maritime de 1778. Letter of De Grasse to Kerguelen, p. 263. Troude: Batailles Navales.
The British account differs materially as to the cause of the distance separating the two rears. Such contradictions are common, and, except for a particular purpose, need not to be reconciled. Alms seems to have been not only a first-rate seaman, but an officer capable of resolute and independent action; his account is probably correct. Troude: Batailles Navales.
In connection with this study of naval strategy, I reconstructed independently Howe's three engagements of May 28th and 29th, and June 1st, from the details given by James, Troude, and Chevalier, analyzing and discussing the successive tactical measures of the opposing admirals; in the battle of June 1st going so far as to trace even the tracks of the fifty-odd individual ships throughout the action.
"Anchor!" said Collingwood. "It is the last thing I should have thought of." Mahon: History of England. Lapeyrouse-Bonfils, vol. iii. p. 5. Troude, vol. ii. pp. 3-5. For other quotations from French authors to the same effect, see ante, pages 77, 80, 81. Mahon: History of England; Gentleman's Magazine, 1777, p. 553. Keppel's Defence.
To remedy the difficulty the complements were filled up with coast-guard militia, with marine troops until then employed only to form the guards of the ships, and finally with what were called 'novices volontaires, who were landsmen recruited by bounties. It may be imagined what crews were formed with such elements." Troude, Batailles Navales, vol. ii. p. 202.
The plan of campaign traced by the Directory for Bruix became impossible of execution; the delay in the junction of the French and Spanish squadrons having permitted England to concentrate sixty ships in the Mediterranean. Troude, vol. iii. p. 158.
So far as I was concerned, the old works of Lediard, Entick, Campbell, Beatson, in French, Paul Hoste, Troude, Guérin, and others equally remote, had to be my main reliance; though numerous modern scattered monographs, English and French, were existent.
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