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Updated: May 16, 2025


Although, however, the organization of the centuries was introduced merely to enlarge the military resources of the burgesses by the inclusion of the metoeci and, in so far, there is no greater error than to exhibit the Servian organization as the introduction of a timocracy in Rome yet the new obligation imposed upon the inhabitants to bear arms exercised in its consequences a material influence on their political position.

Although, however, the organization of the centuries was introduced merely to enlarge the military resources of the burgesses by the inclusion of the metoeci and, in so far, there is no greater error than to exhibit the Servian organization as the introduction of a timocracy in Rome yet the new obligation imposed upon the inhabitants to bear arms exercised in its consequences a material influence on their political position.

Perhaps, however, social democracy might take a more liberal form. It might allow the benefits of civilisation to be integrated in eminent men, whose influence in turn should direct and temper the general life. This would be timocracy a government by men of merit.

If the theory of the periodic decay of all created things, he urges, be scientific, it must be universal, and so true of all the other states as well as of the ideal. Besides, a state usually changes into its contrary and not to the form next to it; so the ideal state would not change into Timocracy; while Oligarchy, more often than Tyranny, succeeds Democracy.

He instituted what was called a timocracy, viz., an aristocracy of property; based upon democratic institutions of popular jurisdiction, election, and appeal. Conformably to the principle which pervades all states, that make property the qualification for office, to property the general taxation was apportioned.

Ideals and expedients. Well-founded distrust of rulers. Yet experts, if rational, would serve common interests. People jealous of eminence. It is representative, but subject to decay. Ancient citizenship a privilege. Modern democracy industrial. Dangers to current civilisation. Is current civilisation a good? Horrors of materialistic democracy. Timocracy or socialistic aristocracy.

A time arrives when the representative of timocracy has a son: at first he begins by emulating his father and walking in his footsteps, but presently he sees him of a sudden foundering against the State as upon a sunken reef, and he and all that he has is lost; he may have been a general or some other high officer who is brought to trial under a prejudice raised by informers, and either put to death, or exiled, or deprived of the privileges of a citizen, and all his property taken from him.

The secondary causes which mar the perfection of the Platonic 'city of the sun' are to be found in the intellectual decay of the race consequent on injudicious marriages and in the Philistine elevation of physical achievements over mental culture; while the hierarchical succession of Timocracy and Oligarchy, Democracy and Tyranny, is dwelt on at great length and its causes analysed in a very dramatic and psychological manner, if not in that sanctioned by the actual order of history.

The relationships in the family correspond to those in states; monarch to subjects as father to children, tyrant to subjects as master to slaves; autocratic rule to that of the husband, oligarchic rule to that of the wife; what we call Timocracy to the fraternal relation, and Democracy to the entirely unregulated household.

The Ideal Commonwealth supposed established, is doomed to degradation and decay; passing through Timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, to Despotism, with a corresponding declension of happiness. The same varieties may be traced in the Individual; the 'despotized' mind is the acme of Injustice and consequent misery. The comparative value of Pleasures is discussed.

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